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Misty Sunrise - Syon Gardens  

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Ever sat on a beach and wondered what's across the ocean? It may not be what you think.  

Have you ever sat on a beach on wondered what's across the ocean?

If you think you can answer this question just by looking at a map, read on. You may be surprised.

To ask the question more concretely, what's across the ocean from New York? It doesn't really matter what beach in New York you choose, but just to be specific, let's go with Montauk, NY. It is at the tip of Long Island and has a clear, unobstructed view of the Atlantic ocean.

To figure out what's across from New York, the first thing you might do is take out a map, follow a straight line eastward, and conclude that the answer is Europe, or more precisely Portugal.

Of course there is not just one answer. When looking out across the ocean, there are any many directions you could choose, each of which would lead you to a different location. But in this case, surprisingly, Portugal is not one of them.

Europe is not across the ocean from New York... but Australia is

When you stare across the ocean from a beach in Montauk, or anywhere in New York, this map shows what's on the other side (excluding some smaller countries that unfortunately did not fit).

No matter which direction you look, you're not facing Europe.

That's partly because the coast of Long Island is angled southward. But there is also something else going on.

If you stand on the beach and turn your head all the way to the left, the direction you're facing is north east. Common sense would seem to dictate if you sail in that direction (north east), you should end up somewhere north east of where you began. Namely, you should end up in Europe.

In reality, if you were to point your ship north east from New York and sail straight ahead without turning, you would land in Morocco, which is to the south of New York.

Stranger still, when you stand on a beach in New York, one of the countries directly across from you is Australia.

If you were to sail through the orange Australia section in the map above, without ever turning the ship, you would eventually hit Australia's southwestern coast. And as you land, you would be approaching from the south.

Sailing from New York to Australia in a straight line

Because we're used to looking at the world on a flat surface, our perception of Earth's geography is distorted in many ways. In this case, it is the concept of straight lines that throws us off.

Technically, there are no straight lines on a globe, since the surface itself is curved. The shortest distance between any two points, the closest thing to a straight line, is known as a great circle arc.

Over short distances, straight lines on a 2-dimensional map are the same as great circle arcs on a 3-dimensional globe. But over long distances, the relationship breaks down as the Earth's curvature comes into play.

If you've ever followed the path of a long international flight, you already know the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface looks curved. The same effect applies here.

Though the lines in the map above appear curved, all of them are actually straight lines (great circles) on the 3D globe.

Looking at it from a different perspective

I spent a good while looking at this on Google Earth convincing myself it was correct.

If you have any doubt whether it's possible to sail from New York to Australia along a straight line, the video below shows what it looks like in 3 dimensions.

There is also a 2-dimensional way of looking at these lines that clears up what's really going on. The image below shows the Earth from a top-down perspective, using an azimuthal map projection, with New York in the center.

From this view, you can see the lines do appear straight.

You can also see clearly that the U.S. East Coast as a whole does not face toward Europe at all.

What's really across across the Atlantic ocean?

If you were to stand on a beach on the U.S. East Coast and look directly east, here's what's really across the ocean.

 

Credit

• 
  
• Inspired by this map from the Washington Post, which shows what's across the ocean based on lines of constant latitude. For an even more precise look at what's across from every individual beach, see these maps by Andy Woodruff.
• 
  
• All 2D maps were made with QGIS using imagery from Natural Earth. The 3D globe is from Google Earth
• 
  

This post originally appeared on Metrocosm

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Artist Kindra Crick Remembers Her Grandfather, Nobel Prize Winner Francis Crick  


Francis Crick, shared the Nobel Prize in 1962 for discerning the structure of DNA. It was perhaps the most important biological discovery of the past century. But then Crick became fascinated with the nature of consciousness, an imprecise and controversial field at the time, and moved from England to La Jolla, CA, to the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. His granddaughter Kindra Crick, a cell biologist and artist who created the DNA sculpture called "What Mad Pursuit" for the billion dollar Crick Institute in London, recalls those heady times of early science on La Jolla's Mesa, "The Miracle Coast."

Intellectual Capital: How did you come to the Salk?

Kindra Crick: The summer after my freshman year at Princeton University I was trying to decide my major so my granddad, Francis Crick, arranged for me to be an intern in a neuroscience lab where he worked. This was so I could to learn the nitty gritty of research. In Dr. Martyn Goulding's lab, I helped perform experiments running DNA gels and watching neural tube development (cells that ultimately form the brain and spinal cord) under the microscope.

Intellectual Capital: What was the Salk like then?

Coming from Seattle the Salk was bathed in sunshine. The labs seemed busy even during the summer and there were a number of stimulating lectures. One was on a computer-learning program that could determine the gender of both chimps and humans from a photograph. After training it would even rate a face on how masculine or feminine it was. There was good camaraderie and the labs surrounding mine would get together on Fridays for drinks and barbecues on the weekends. I played on the lab's softball team.

My granddad had made the move to the Salk in 1976. With this came a shift in the focus of his own research from work in molecular biology in England at the Medical Research Council to the brain and consciousness at the Salk in California. Then 60 years old, he wanted to tackle a problem that had been a lifelong interest, the brain. He wanted to move the field that treated the brain like a black box, where one only gained insight from resulting actions, to a field that would uncover the mechanism and functions that lead to how humans perceive the world, what happens during sleep and the elusive actions inside our skull that constitute our conscious world upon waking.

Intellectual Capital: Which scientists impressed you?

I vividly remember a long lunch with Dr. V.S. Ramachandran who spoke enthusiastically about his work with patients with phantom limbs who sometimes experienced excruciating pain in a hand or arm that was no longer present. He had discovered that with the use of a simple mirror he could instruct amputees to look at the mirror image of their working hand, which appeared to take the place of the missing one, and unclench it to relieve their phantom pain. My granddad was an attentive listener and would occasionally probe with a targeted question, but I realized a few years later when reading Dr. Ramachandran's book 'Phantoms in the Brain' that we had discussed many of the central themes and imaginative experiments in that book.

Another scientist that made a lasting impression was my granddad's long-time collaborator, Christof Koch. He would come by the house often while I was there, and they would discuss and debate the way the visual system worked in the brain. A conversation that stood out was how one perceived the blueness of blue. At first, I didn't understand the question, although it seemed like such a simple one. We walked through the basics of wavelength and the mechanisms of the eye with its cones and rods. And then we jumped into the visual cortex and the more abstract part of the question which was why at a particular wavelength our perception changes and we have a name for this color and there is a quality to that color that is a sensation separate from its name and the objects that we perceive to be blue. A quality missing, for example, from something outside our realm of seeing, like ultraviolet. One can describe everything about ultraviolet, but with our naked eye it does not possess a sensation of color like blue does, in our mind.

Intellectual Capital: What was it like living with Francis and your grandmother Odile Crick?

My grandparents lived in a quiet cul-de-sac near the top of Mount Soledad in La Jolla. I stayed in a large guest room which had its own entrance with French doors opening onto the deck and pool. People came over for dinner and lunch, but there were no large parties at the house that summer, as my granddad had been having slight heart problems. We did attend a few parties that summer, the most memorable being the one to celebrate the 85th birthday of Bradley Smith, the noted Life magazine photographer. Intellectual musings tended to be at smaller gatherings and over leisurely lunches by the pool, and most of the guests my grandparents entertained were photographers, painters or scientists.

Intellectual Capital: Do you visit the Salk now? How have things changed?

Not only did Francis end up tackling the problem of consciousness himself, collaborating with Koch, but he was slowly and deliberately recruiting some of the best and brightest to unlock the black box of the mind. For example, my granddad gathered with a small group of scientists who called themselves the Helmholtz Club. This group brought together scientists from various research fields as neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, psychophysics, computer science and engineering. All had an interest in the study of the visual system and of higher cognitive functions relying on visual perception such as visual consciousness. I believe one of the reasons San Diego and The Salk have become a hub of neuroscience research today is based partly on the work and vision of the scientists who attended those monthly meetings. The study of the brain is a burgeoning field and we are right in the middle of it. I have been told by many of my granddad's peers, that he was a tremendous inspiration and influence.

Intellectual Capital: And talk of your own art, its roots or themes--

At Princeton, I embraced the study of molecular biology but balanced it with my passion for drawing and painting by developing visuals and materials for campus theater. Biology itself is a visual subject, rich with a tradition in observation and communication through art. I still enjoy research, but I feel most driven when I am making art. My early experiments with the marriage of art and science came while at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In my paintings, I incorporated imagery from my observations under the microscope in the lab where I had worked on [breast cancer genes] BRCAI and BRCA2. Cancerous fibroblasts would envelop my canvas in layers. The birth of my daughter and my obsession with the new research on the biological basis of love fully crystalized my passion for merging science and visual expression. A series of prints and paintings questioning the science and symbolism of one of our most basic drives, love, soon followed. Now I create work that gives visual expression to the wonder and process of scientific inquiry.



Intellectual Capital: And your approach to your new sculpture--

I was invited to paint 'What's in My DNA?' on a seven-foot double helix-inspired sculpture.
This sculpture was part of Cancer Research UK's campaign to raise awareness for the soon-to-be-finished Francis Crick Institute in London. Twenty-one sculptures were created by world-leading artists and designers, including Ai Weiwei, Zaha Hadid, and Benjamin Shine, based on what's in their DNA.
My sculpture, What Mad Pursuit, explores the creative possibilities achievable through the intermingling of art, science and imagination in the quest for knowledge. The piece is inspired by my grandparent's contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA. My grandmother, Odile Crick, was the artist who first drew the iconic image of the double helix molecule.
Half of my double helix sculpture is a chalkboard layered with the patina of science. I christened the chalkboard by writing, erasing and rubbing in the dust the words from some of my favorite scientists, including Oliver Sacks. What I left visible for the viewer to discover are handwritten notations from my granddad's letters and his many chalkboards. The complementary helix strand is a flourish of vibrant blue bordered by a golden helix. The abstracted growing forms that spread and mutate up the sculpture can be seen as cellular life or as a metaphor for infectious ideas.

Intellectual Capital: Why "Mad Pursuit?"

I took the title 'What Mad Pursuit' from the title of my granddad's 1988 memoir and essays on scientific discovery. My granddad chose that title from a line in the Keats poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn." It is a nice banter between art and science and speaks to the mad pursuit of both, and sold earlier this year at Christie's London, at an auction that raised $500,000 for the Francis Crick Institute, a leading center of biomedical research and innovation due to open in 2016.

Cold Spring Harbor,100th Anniversary of Francis Crick's Birth. Clockwise from bott. left, Mike Crick, Anne Churchland, Kindra Crick, Bob Olby, Jim Watson (original Nobel,) friend, Liz Watson, Ludmilla Pollock, Yours Truly. I had the salmon.

TO VIEW THE MAKING OF KINDRA CRICK'S SCULPTURE, "WHAT MAD PURSUIT," PLEASE CLICK: http://www.kindracrick.com/dna/

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Climate Change This Week: Massive Worldwide Tree Die-Off, Selling Solar Surges, and More!  
Today, the Earth got a little hotter, and a little more crowded.




Saving BUB, Beautiful Unique Biodiversity, like this Amazon tree frog, is another reason to conserve carbon storing forests. Source www.theguardian.com

Forests: the cheapest way to store carbon




The Giants Nearby my home in California. I love them. Source www.resetsanfrancisco.org

OO California Redwoods: The Ultimate Carbon-Storing Forests in the World a new study finds.







Amazon Burning Credit Dado Galdieri at AP

OO El Niño, Climate Change Are Making The Amazon Dry And Flammable says researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine.

What were once considered once-in-a-century events are increasing as global warming takes hold.

Just in the past decade, the Amazon suffered from two record drought years (2005, 2010), and massive fires thought to have been mostly caused by humans.


Related Headline:

OO Dry Amazon Could See Record Fire Season forecast researchers.




OO 2015 Southeast Asian Fires Emitted Most Carbon Since 1997 - blanketing the area in thick haze and, producing emissions higher than in the whole of the European Union, say scientists.


OO Millions Massive Die-Off of Trees Worldwide Tied to Climate Change is occurring in California, the US Southwest and Europe, adding to further climate change as their decomposition releases climate-changing gases.

The link is from current extreme droughts of the sort expected under continued climate change.


When we harm forests, we harm ourselves.

*
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HOT NEWS



Orange Areas average 28 degrees C. Source www.independent.co.uk

OO Humans Have Caused World's Warmest Seas To Surge In Temperature, scientists say, via greenhouse gas emissions that have created the giant 'Indo-Pacific Warm Pool', the largest area of warm water in the world that stretches 9,000 miles along the equator.

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, where the water averages more than 28 degrees Celsius, has increased in size by about a third in 60 years.


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SOCIAL REPERCUSSIONS




The Fate Of Future US Babies? Zika infected pregnant women often give birth to tiny brained babies, whose lives are often short , and for their parents, tortuous. Source bn.thetodaypost.com

OO Zika In Florida: 10 New Cases Confirmed
Amid Concern Over US Sluggish Response - although all infections were acquired overseas, hundreds of infected people in Florida heighten the chances of creating an infected pool of mosquitoes.

This pool could then create an epidemic of zika in Florida that could spread further in the US.





OO Summer Of Fire: Drought Transforms Southern Sierra into a tinderbox of an estimated 66 million dead trees in the southern Sierra Nevada.


Related Headline:

OO Wildfires Engulfing The West Coast Are Fueled By Climate Change experts warn, and require new strategies.





Run: A new wildfire burning through bone-dry grass, shrub and timber has forced the evacuation of dozens of homes in a mountain community.

OO California Wildfire Prompts New Round Of Evacuations







Study in Toxic Green Source www.miamiherald.com

OO Florida Takes Economic Hit:
Toxic Algae Drives Away Tourists - the massive bloom smells like "death on a cracker"; the last time such a big bloom occurred, it took months for the estuaries to recover.

Both rising water temperatures and poorly regulated pollution guarantees more of these.





OO 1 In 10 People May Face Malnutrition As Fish Catches Decline around the world both from lack of protein and critical micronutrients like iron and zinc.

So declining fisheries pose major risks for global health, scientists warn.


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HOUSTON, WE'VE GOT A WATER PROBLEM...




The Vital Monsoon: When Will It Come? Wikipedia

OO Climate Change Warming Asian Waters, Altering Monsoon - making it more erratic and unpredictable.

It's an ominous problem for 70% of India's 1+ billion citizens, who need reliable monsoon predictions
to decide when they will sow their seeds and harvest their crops.






The Not So Mighty Indus Wikipedia

OO Stressed Indus River Threatens Pakistan's Water Supplies - the river supports the lives of 300 million people, and supplies Pakistan with less water than it did 50 years ago, particularly in the spring and summer, researchers have found.

Meanwhile, demand for water is projected to rise sharply.


OO Murders, Violence On Rise As Parched India Battles For Water - Northern and central India continue to suffer thorough severe drought and oppressive heat.

Police in several regions are reporting a rise in violent - and often deadly - clashes over water.


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MEATY PROBLEM




You Want To Eat ... ME??! Source TakePart

OO Meat: An Unhealthy Habit - accumulating evidence indicates that meat, particularly red meat, is just a disaster for the environment - and not so great for human beings, too.


OO This Is What Your Hot Dog And Burger Are Doing To The Planet When Americans fire up their grills on July 4th, they dump up to 882 million pounds of carbon pollution into the atmosphere--the equivalent of burning almost 2,200 railcars of coal.

Okay, I can hear it now - "What -- now you're attacking my hot dog?"

It does all add up - BUT what will really make a difference is whether you vote for leaders who will act on preventing further climate change.


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GOOD IDEAS




Blowing Interference Credit Christian Steiness

OO Creating More Efficient Wind Farms -
Based on Schools of Fish - Takeaways:

• Large offshore turbines disrupt air flow
• 
  
• creating interfering wakes of slow moving air behind them;
• 
  
• Thus, turbines in rows behind them harvest less energy;
• 
  
• Large size forces turbines to be spaced widely, further reducing energy harvesting.

Fish School Us On Wind Power - a piscine school is a demonstration of animals adapted to maximizing their swimming efficiency. Courtesy Robert Whittlesey

• Fish in schools show staggered formation,
• 
  
• And use neighborly turbulence to swim more efficiently;

Staggering Counter Spinning Turbines ups efficiency. Credit John Dabiri and Matthias Kinzel

• Staggering smaller, shorter wind turbines
• 
  
• In pairs of opposing rotations,
• 
  
• Increases wind energy harvesting 10 times, researchers found.

OO Transport Emissions Are Rising - Time to Tighten Standards






Source renewableenergyideas.org


OO Apple, Patagonia, Google, and Others Are
Expanding Into Solar Power - not just through solar panels on their roofs, but through:

• Rooftop projects to massive plants (Google)
• 
  
• Giant solar plants and selling excess energy from their roofs (Apple)
• 
  
• Solar panel leasing on other rooftops (Patagonia)

Patagonia is also showing other companies how to expand into the solar power business.

Walmart, Macy's, Costo, and Ikea are some of the biggest users of solar power to power their businesses in the US - is it just a matter of time before they start selling solar electticity?


OO 'Tesla Solar' Wants to Be the Apple Store for Electricity - providing the solar rooftop systems, the batteries to store the solar power, and the electric cars that use those batteries. And offering it all in a convenient, economic way to customers.




Educating Bill Gates Source www.huffingtonpost.com

OO Let's Upgrade Bill Gates' Climate Reading List - Bill is under the delusion that we need clean energy "miracles," because he believes the flawed arguments of Vaclav Smil.

Luckily, Bill and Vaclav are wrong. It's time to update Bill.


OO Canada: Govt Think Tank Pushes Nation to Think Beyond Oil Dependence


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THE "NEW COAL"
COULD CREATE A HOLE
IN ANY CLIMATE GOAL




Natural Gas: Not All That Clean Credit Tim Evanson at flickr

OO Leaking Coal Seam Gas Fields May Blow Hole In Emissions Goals - a growing chorus of voices from Australia and overseas is warning that any perceived benefits of burning natural gas for energy could easily be lost with just small leakages of the potent climate changing gas.


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SPEAKING OUT




Stephen Hawking Source www.strangenotions.com

OO Stephen Hawking: Pollution And 'Stupidity'
Still Biggest Threats To Mankind - he notes: "Six years ago, I was warning about pollution and overcrowding, they have gotten worse since then. The population has grown by half a billion since our last interview, with no end in sight."




Credit Stephane Mahe at Reuters

"Greenhouse Gases Must Be Substantially Reduced." Major US scientific organizations told Congress.

OO Top U.S. Science Organizations Hammer Congress on Climate Change--Again
Scientists implore action and note rising bipartisan demands for action as heat waves and wildfires worsen.


Related Headline:

OO Science Organizations Again Urge Congress To Take Climate Change Seriously in a letter signed by many major US groups.

It pushes back against climate denial and calls for policy solutions to cut greenhouse gas emissions.


OO 31 Scientific Bodies Tell US Congress: Climate Change Is Real and to get real on climate change.

As many as 180 Congressional members are thought to be skeptical of human-caused climate change.





OO After 6 Years Of Working On Climate At Harvard,
I Implore It To Show The Courage To Divest




Source thomasnet.com

Clean It Up Fast for a smooth energy transition and stable economies, says Moody's.

OO Major Credit Giant Calls For Rapid Paris Climate Deal Approval

• The giant, Moody's has called on countries to speed ratification of the deal.
• 
  
• This will lower the risks of a damaging transition from fossil fuels -
• 
  
• And calm markets.

Moody's pledges to use the UN climate pact as benchmark for rating companies.


OO Canada: Court Overturns Major Pipeline Approval issued by the previous federal cabinet two years ago.


*
*

CLUELESS LEADERSHIP



"Men Argue; Nature Acts." Voltaire, 1769

OO The World Has The Right Climate Goals --
But The Wrong Ambition Levels To Achieve Them - pledges will not meet targets. Takeaways:

• 195 nations agreed to pledge to cut emissions to prevent a 1.5 C rise in world temperature.
• 
  
• this would prevent most of the gravest tipping points, e.g., the disappearance of the Arctic ice cap.*

• countries' actual pledges to cut their emissions just aren't ambitious enough to keep the world within the "safe" climate range that lies at the core of the Paris agreement, shows a new analysis.

"The window for limiting warming to below 1.5 °C with high probability and without temporarily exceeding that level already seems to have closed," the study notes.

*an important planetary thermal shield preventing even more heat from being absorbed by Earth. A 1.5 C rise would not prevent severe threats to coral reefs, or major melting in Antarctica.


OO What Would It Take To Achieve The Paris Temperature Targets? To keep the Earth from heating a further 2 C would require net zero emissions to be reached by 2085 and considerable amounts of negative emissions, researchers say.

That is, humans would need to remove significant amounts of emissions already in the atmosphere.





Credit Tom Tole at the Washington Post

OO Richest Nations Fail To Agree
On Deadline To Phase Out Fossil Fuel Subsidies - campaigners say hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies for fossil fuels are undermining efforts to tackle climate change.


*
*

GOOD CLEAN NEWS




OO India To Get Over $1 Billion From World Bank For Its Solar Goals


OO U.S. Hardens Royalty Rules On Fossil Fuel Production - Takeaways:

• Rules had not been updated since 1980s;
• 
  
• Old rules let companies pay 50+% lower royalties when selling to affiliates;
• 
  
• A significant percentage of companies did this;

• New rule: companies must pay royalties on sales to the first unaffiliated customer;
• 
  
• Royalty revenues to taxpayers should increase significantly.

OO Exxon Is Now Lobbying for a Carbon Tax to combat climate change, and has supported one since 2009.

It's also is lobbying the rest of the American industry, and Capitol Hill.

The 2015 Paris Agreement, aimed specifically at keeping most fossil fuel reserves in the ground, has prompted the company to increase its efforts recently to convince the rest of the industry to get on board.





OO Minnesota: A Wind Power Utility Makes Wind Power Reliable - Xcel Energy developed:

• a constantly updated, reliable forecasting system, and
• 
  
• smart technology that allows turbines to turn on and off automatically in response to changing forecasts.

• Resulting savings are passed on to its customers,
• 
  
• to date yielding about60 million in savings for an investment of3.8 million.

Its wind production displaces approximately 11.7 million tons of CO2 emissions annually, too.

Now that's good news!


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*

NATURAL REPERCUSSIONS




Red Knots In A Bind Credit Greg Breese, US FWS

OO Rapid Climate-Driven Loss Of Breeding Habitat
For Arctic Migratory Birds - a study suggests 66-83% of Arctic shore bird species will lose the majority of their currently suitable habitat by 2070.

Rapid climate change in the High North strongly affects where species are able to breed and disrupts migratory connections globally, say the authors.




Credit roadrunner_876 at photobucket.com

As Long As The Zebras Are There lions' meals won't be disrupted. Credit roadrunner_876 at photobucket.com

OO Wild Meat Eaters Are Less Disrupted by Climate Change
Than Their Plant Eating Prey - says a new large study.

This makes sense: many plant eaters are not adapting well to shifting plant seasons.




OO Thanks To Climate Change, The Arctic Is Turning Green NASA scientists show with views from space especially as the northern regions rapidly warm. And then there's wildfires....


Related Headline:

OO Human-Induced Greening Of The Northern Land Surface is occurring a new study shows.


*
*

CLIMATE LEADERSHIP





Source www.huffingtonpost.com

OO Hillary Clinton's Ambitious Climate Change Plan Avoids Carbon Tax - But she:

• vows to produce a third of the nation's electricity from renewable sources by 2027;
• 
  
• will spend billions of dollars to transform the energy economy;
• 
  
• will install a half-billion solar panels by 2020, upping the current number 7x;

• will give 60 billion to states and cities to develop more climate-friendly infrastructure,
• 
  
• will put the US on track to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 % from 2005 levels by 2050.

And, she says, she could achieve all that without new legislation from Congress.



OO US Senate Panel Backs $500 Million For Global Climate Fund - in a rare show of bipartisanship. More shows, please!





Source Office of the Prime Minister, Canada

OO US, Canada, Mexico Agree Climate Partnership - the "three amigos" set targets to get half of electricity from clean sources and cut methane emissions 40-45% by 2025.


OO US, Canada and Mexico Pledge 50% of Power from Clean Energy by 2025


OO Obama's New Clean Energy Goal For North America: 50 % By 2025







OO Conservative To Fund Republicans Who Back Climate Change Action - with least $5 million through to back five Republican congressional candidates who have supported taking action on climate change.


*
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FOSSIL FUEL FOLLIES




You Want Me to Drink... THAT? Source activistpost.com

OO California: Freshwater Formations Are Being Drilled, Fracked - as oil and gas development overlap with groundwater sources; monitoring is clearly needed. Let's consider some safeguards, say the authors.





OO US Coal Baron Promises Huge Layoffs --
Then Tells Workers To Vote Trump - problem is, coal mining jobs aren't coming back - even under President Trump.


OO Falling Gas Prices Are Driving Consumers Back to Bigger Vehicles





When They Go Away, Who Will Pay? Source www.businesstimes.com

OO Indonesia Faces Environmental Time Bomb After Coal Bust - thousands of mines are closing in Indonesia's tropical coal belt as prices languish and seams run dry.

But almost none of the companies have paid their share of billions of dollars owed to repair the badly scarred landscape they have left behind.


*
*

FIXING CLIMATE CHANGE



@@ A Simple And Smart Way To Fix Climate Change given by Dan Miller in 2014 at a Ted talk suggests a way to profit as we tackle climate change, by finally charging those who sell and use fossil fuels - and distributing the revenues back to all of us.

The strategy is sure to speed transition to clean renewable energy. What's not to like? Check it out!

*
*

ELECTION YEAR:




If You Don't Vote For Climate Action, You Can Forget The Rest - in a climate-changing world of famine, drought, rising seas, giant storms and heat waves, there will be no security in jobs, health, wealth, or national safety. There will be chaos ensuing from increasing crises and disasters. Vote.

OO Global Warming Policies We Set Today Will Determine The Next 10,000 Years - of global warming, a new study shows -- and whether our civilization survives or not: history shows that harmful climate change has destroyed civilizations before.

This time, it could be worldwide. Let's keep "The Hunger Games" in the realm of fiction.

*
*



If we do not grow sustainably,
Our children will die inhumanely.





@@ Myth vs Truth: The Huge Value of Contraception is an incisive, heartfelt recognition of the value of contraception by Sarah Brown, CEO, The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy


Unintended Pregnancy Costs US Taxpayers:

Unintended Pregnancies Cost US Taxypayers Nearly $11 Billion Yearly
-the Guttmacher Institute

Teen Childbearing Alone Cost US Taxpayers $9+ Billion In 2010
And the costs of raising a child usually ensures decades, if not a life, of poverty for its mother.
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


WHAT YOU CAN DO

Help prevent unintended pregnancies in your community:
publicize where women can access affordable contraception.



They can go here to find locations:




And there are many more actions you can do, right here.

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SOLAR KEEPS SAILING



OO Here Comes The Sun: US Solar Power Market Hits All-Time High after a rocky start.



@@ What Rooftop Solar Looks Like In Watts, Los Angeles, CA Women participating in a unique solar installation training program in Los Angeles's Watts neighborhood are bringing power to the people, and empowering themselves.





Check it out here, right now!

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There is, of course, much more news on the consequences and solutions to climate change. To get it, check out this annotated resource list I've compiled, "Climate Change News Resources," at Wordpress.com here. For more information on the science of climate change, its consequences and solutions you can view my annotated list of online information resources here.

To help you understand just what science does and does NOT do, check this out!

Every day is Earth Day, folks, as I was reminded by these wildflowers I photographed one spring. Making the U.S. a global clean energy leader will ensure a heck of a lot more jobs, and a clean, safe future. If you'd like to join the increasing numbers of people who want to TELL Congress that they will vote for clean energy candidates you can do so here. It's our way of letting Congress know there's a strong clean energy voting bloc out there. For more detailed summaries of the above and other climate change items, audio podcasts and texts are freely available.

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

 
gaia  

%feed  
http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fsally-brown2%2Ffood-waste-on-the-farm_b_10971562.html%3Futm_hp_ref%3Dgreen%26ir%3DGreen&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Food Waste on the Farm  
Food waste doesn't just come from your plate or the back corners of your refrigerator. Food waste starts at the farm- whether that farm covers hundreds of acres or some space on your terrace. Growing and harvesting food is not a 100% efficient process. The fate of excess lettuce is one classic example. Lettuce is one of the first things you plant in the spring. It comes in lovely shapes and colors and you plant it at a time when the whole notion of gardening is fresh and full of promise. That often means that you plant too much. Round about July that excess lettuce starts thinking that perhaps the reason you haven't harvested it is that it was destined for greater things than simple salads. The lettuce starts to bolt- meaning a center stalk grows tall and the leaves get bitter. The lettuce is attempting to turn into a tree. Maybe the lettuce has heard about Christmas in July. This happens to commercial farmers as well as to amateurs. Some examples from friends and the neighborhood are below.





At the farm these 'trees' are typically just plowed back into the soil. That can happen in your garden as well. Adding organic matter back to the soil is a good thing. But it isn't the best thing to do with food that could be eaten. Realize that it takes a lot of energy and effort to produce food. The New York Times made this clear with a pictorial showing how much water is used to grow various crops in California:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/us/your-contribution-to-the-california-drought.html?_r=0. Lettuce trees do not grow by water alone. All plants also require nutrients- the big three being nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Those are the three numbers that you see on a bag of fertilizer.



Nitrogen is typically applied at between 100 and 200 pounds per acre. While gaseous nitrogen is plentiful in our air (atmosphere is 77% N2 gas) it takes a lot of energy to turn the gas into a form that plants can use. Most of our fertilizer N is produced using the Haber - Bosch process (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process) at a cost of about 4 pounds of CO2 for each pound of nitrogen. About half as much energy is used to produce the P and K. Phosphorus fertilizer comes from calcium phosphate rocks. We used to have large reserves in the US in Idaho and Florida. Now the biggest world reserves are in and around Morocco and China (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadw835.PDF) with Saudi Arabia also having significant quantities (http://www.mining-technology.com/features/featurea-kingdom-of-riches-saudi-arabia-looks-to-strike-it-rich-with-mining-sector-4382267/). Wasting the food means that you are also wasting the water and the nutrient it took to grow.

Soils are not so picky about the type of organic matter that they are fed. They are just as happy getting plant roots as edible leaves. They don't mind slime. The same can't be said for people. But even if you have excess romaine your neighbor may not. Feeding others with your bounty is one way to put the excess to optimal use and expand your social circle. On a commercial level this is much more difficult but can still be done. Excess from farmer's markets and fields can be donated to food banks or left for gleaning projects. Gleaning means going into a field after harvest and getting what the farmer did not. It was the subject of an 18th century painting by Jean Francois Millet and has been making a comeback in the US http://www.npr.org/2011/01/20/133059889/gleaning-a-harvest-for-the-needy-by-fighting-waste.



While you can give your extra lettuce to friends and neighbors before it bolts, this type of generosity is harder to justify for a farmer who needs to make a living from selling his/ her produce. Gleaning and donations are good for the world but not as good for the bottom line. Tax incentives to encourage gleaning and other rules that limit liability for farmers who allow gleaners on their land are ways to do that: http://modernfarmer.com/2015/12/gleaning/. So share your lettuce before it can think of turning into a tree. New rules and incentives will hopefully let farmers do so too.

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

 
gaia  

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http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmichael-brune%2Fa-hard-and-heartbreaking-week_b_10972410.html%3Futm_hp_ref%3Dgreen%26ir%3DGreen&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
A Hard and Heartbreaking Week  

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

 
gaia  

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http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmary-ellen-harte%2Fclimate-change-this-week_b_10972108.html&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Mary Ellen Harte: Climate Change This Week: Massive Worldwide Tree Die-Off, Selling Solar Surges, and More!  
Today, the Earth got a little hotter, and a little more crowded.




Saving BUB, Beautiful Unique Biodiversity, like this Amazon tree frog, is another...

Read more: Climate Change, Environment, Drought, Extreme Weather, Global Warming, Sustainability, Energy, Energy Efficiency, Nature, Science, Technology, Technologie, Green Technology, Technology News, Climate Change Denial, Climate, Climate Science, Climate-Change, Obama, Green Energy, Clean Energy, Renewable Energy, Natural Gas, Wind Power, Solar Power, Fossil Fuels, Heat Waves, Congress, Voting, Weather, Business, Business News, Corporations, Economy, Climate Change Solutions, Greenhouse Gases, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Carbon Emissions, Food, Water, Coal, Fracking, Oil, Agriculture, Crops, Rising Sea Levels, Insurance, Pollution, Wildlife, Transportation, Transports, Transport, Cities, Deforestation, Jobs, Natural Disasters, Population, Population Growth, Overpopulation, Oceans, President Obama, Barack Obama, Epa, Nasa, Noaa, Department of Energy, Republicans, Gop, Democrats, Animals, Cute Animals, Fish, Birds, Activism, Political Activism, Humor, Alaska, California, Florida, Minnesota, United Nations, United Kingdom, England, Australia, Britain, Canada, China, Europe, European Union, France, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Asia, Africa, Mexico, Children, Babies, Children'S Health, Kids, Human Health, Health, Education, Air Pollution, Seafood, Exxon Mobil, Hillary Clinton, Soil, Art, Cartoons, Bill Gates, Stephen Hawking, Apple, Patagonia, Google, Vegetarianism, Harvard, Green News

 
gaia  

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http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmichael-brune%2Fa-hard-and-heartbreaking-week_b_10972410.html&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Michael Brune: How Environmental Issues Impact Communities Of Color  
I don't know anyone who didn't find last week both hard and heartbreaking. Two more incomprehensible fatal police shootings of African Americans f...

Read more: Climate Change, Black Lives Matter, Racism, Global Warming, Environment, Green News

 
gaia  

%feed  
http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F99362184%40N06%2F28291343545%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Broken  

ibrahimbarbour posted a photo:

Broken LED light bulb.

 
images  

%feed  
http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fcharlieh76%2F28008791780%2F&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Red sky at night......  

CharlieH76 posted a photo:

 
images  

%feed  
http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fsally-brown2%2Ffood-waste-on-the-farm_b_10971562.html%3Futm_hp_ref%3Dscience%26ir%3DScience&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Food Waste on the Farm  
Food waste doesn't just come from your plate or the back corners of your refrigerator. Food waste starts at the farm- whether that farm covers hundreds of acres or some space on your terrace. Growing and harvesting food is not a 100% efficient process. The fate of excess lettuce is one classic example. Lettuce is one of the first things you plant in the spring. It comes in lovely shapes and colors and you plant it at a time when the whole notion of gardening is fresh and full of promise. That often means that you plant too much. Round about July that excess lettuce starts thinking that perhaps the reason you haven't harvested it is that it was destined for greater things than simple salads. The lettuce starts to bolt- meaning a center stalk grows tall and the leaves get bitter. The lettuce is attempting to turn into a tree. Maybe the lettuce has heard about Christmas in July. This happens to commercial farmers as well as to amateurs. Some examples from friends and the neighborhood are below.





At the farm these 'trees' are typically just plowed back into the soil. That can happen in your garden as well. Adding organic matter back to the soil is a good thing. But it isn't the best thing to do with food that could be eaten. Realize that it takes a lot of energy and effort to produce food. The New York Times made this clear with a pictorial showing how much water is used to grow various crops in California:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/21/us/your-contribution-to-the-california-drought.html?_r=0. Lettuce trees do not grow by water alone. All plants also require nutrients- the big three being nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Those are the three numbers that you see on a bag of fertilizer.



Nitrogen is typically applied at between 100 and 200 pounds per acre. While gaseous nitrogen is plentiful in our air (atmosphere is 77% N2 gas) it takes a lot of energy to turn the gas into a form that plants can use. Most of our fertilizer N is produced using the Haber - Bosch process (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process) at a cost of about 4 pounds of CO2 for each pound of nitrogen. About half as much energy is used to produce the P and K. Phosphorus fertilizer comes from calcium phosphate rocks. We used to have large reserves in the US in Idaho and Florida. Now the biggest world reserves are in and around Morocco and China (http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadw835.PDF) with Saudi Arabia also having significant quantities (http://www.mining-technology.com/features/featurea-kingdom-of-riches-saudi-arabia-looks-to-strike-it-rich-with-mining-sector-4382267/). Wasting the food means that you are also wasting the water and the nutrient it took to grow.

Soils are not so picky about the type of organic matter that they are fed. They are just as happy getting plant roots as edible leaves. They don't mind slime. The same can't be said for people. But even if you have excess romaine your neighbor may not. Feeding others with your bounty is one way to put the excess to optimal use and expand your social circle. On a commercial level this is much more difficult but can still be done. Excess from farmer's markets and fields can be donated to food banks or left for gleaning projects. Gleaning means going into a field after harvest and getting what the farmer did not. It was the subject of an 18th century painting by Jean Francois Millet and has been making a comeback in the US http://www.npr.org/2011/01/20/133059889/gleaning-a-harvest-for-the-needy-by-fighting-waste.



While you can give your extra lettuce to friends and neighbors before it bolts, this type of generosity is harder to justify for a farmer who needs to make a living from selling his/ her produce. Gleaning and donations are good for the world but not as good for the bottom line. Tax incentives to encourage gleaning and other rules that limit liability for farmers who allow gleaners on their land are ways to do that: http://modernfarmer.com/2015/12/gleaning/. So share your lettuce before it can think of turning into a tree. New rules and incentives will hopefully let farmers do so too.

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

 
science  

%feed  
http://redirect.viglink.com?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmedical-discovery-news-%2Fcocaine-and-hiv-infection_b_10971284.html%3Futm_hp_ref%3Dscience%26ir%3DScience&key=ddaed8f51db7bb1330a6f6de768a69b8  
Cocaine and HIV Infection  


By Drs. David Niesel and Norbert Herzog

Cocaine and HIV Infection

It is well known that cocaine use increases the chance of acquiring HIV, the virus infection that if left untreated leads to AIDS. It was assumed that needle sharing and increased risky behaviors were the reason for more infections. Some data now argues that cocaine use fundamentally changes cells of the immune system making them more susceptible to HIV infection.

HIV is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system that carry the receptors to which HIV binds on their surfaces. The cells are a type of white blood cells called a T lymphocyte or T cell. T cells are important in identifying and hunting down virus infected cells and some of them are critical in orchestrating the immune response. For HIV to successfully infect the T cells, they must be capable of dividing into daughter cells. A large population of T cells in the body are not dividing and hence dormant and HIV cannot infect them.

Anything that activates these dormant cells would increase the cells HIV could infect. Scientists exposed dormant T cells to cocaine and then to HIV. They measured the amount of HIV produced to determine if cocaine influenced the susceptibility of these dormant cells to HIV infection. Exposure to cocaine increases the susceptibility of dormant T cells to HIV infection. These experiments were done in a petri dish, but if this occurs in the body, this would greatly increase the number of cells available for HIV to productively infect in cocaine users. This would increase the likelihood of establishing an HIV infection, likely making the infection more severe and potentially affecting the disease progression.

More recently, the investigators did similar experiments but this time in a very special type of mouse called a humanized mouse. In these mice, their immune system was eliminated and replaced with a human one. This was done by transplanting stem cells that become the full range of human immune cells, making in effect a mouse with a human immune system. These mice are a good model for studying HIV infections and their impact on the immune system. They had two groups of mice, one was injected with cocaine, and a control group that just received injections of saline before half the mice in each group were infected with HIV. Then the mice continued to receive either cocaine or saline for two more weeks after which blood and tissue samples were analyzed. HIV infected mice that received cocaine were found to have higher levels of virus than their counterparts which received only saline. So cocaine exposure enhances HIV infection and makes the infection worse, exactly as predicted by the petri dish experiments. They also discovered that cocaine reduced the immune response to HIV infection by affecting the activities of the very cells that usually protect us from viral infections. So cocaine not only changes people's behaviors, but also changes the cells of the immune system increasing the chances of HIV infection and potentially the severity of it. Cocaine is a tremendously addictive drug that ruins lives and now we know another important way it can compromise your health. Stay away!

Medical Discovery News is hosted by professors Norbert Herzog at Quinnipiac University, and David Niesel of the University of Texas Medical Branch. Learn more at www.medicaldiscoverynews.com.

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

 
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Could we generate useful energy from earthquakes?  
Elliott Spender calculates the amount of useful energy we could generate during a quake  
science  

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Neural networks provide deep insights into the mysteries of water  
Simulations reveal the importance of van der Waals interactions  
science  

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PHOTOS: Experimental Solar Plane Flies Over Egypt's Giza Pyramids  

Egypt is the last stop before Solar Impulse 2 finishes its round-the-world journey in the United Arab Emirates. The team is aiming to raise awareness about clean energy.

 
technology  

%feed  
http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/07/12/485581183/after-dallas-black-gun-owners-take-stock?utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=technology  
After Dallas, Black Gun Owners Take Stock  

Many African-Americans keep guns for self-defense, dating back to Emancipation. But the shooting in Dallas, and recent killings of black men by police, have raised hard questions for black gun owners.

 
technology  

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Holocaust Museum, Arlington National Cemetery Plead: No Pokémon  

The sites where visitors normally reflect on somber themes ask players of the hot new mobile game not to chase cartoon characters there.

 
technology  

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r0B0t: I, robot : Japan's cyborg society  
Japan is famously wary of immigration, fearing that foreign workers will undermine job security and upset familiar ways of life. But there is one kind of industrious interloper that is greeted more enthusiastically in Japan than in any other country: robot s.  
robots  

%feed  
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r0B0t: Tim Peake's embarked on a new mission ... at Heathrow Airport - BT.com  

BT.com

Tim Peake's embarked on a new mission ... at Heathrow Airport BT.com The astronaut makes his first public appearance in the UK since completing his mission at the Farnborough International Airshow on Friday. 0. Share this. Facebook; Twitter; Google plus; Email; Share. 0. Tim Peake's embarked on a new mission ... at ... Astronaut Tim Peake returns to UK - and meets Nottingham youngstersNottingham Post Tim Peake: Robots won't replace me for 100 yearsNew Scientist Getting to sleep in space is hard and not exactly restful for the mind and bodyCosmos all 5 news articles »

 
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r0B0t: Trump demands an apology from Ginsburg, Loretta Lynch under fire, and China loses in Court - CainTV  

Trump demands an apology from Ginsburg, Loretta Lynch under fire, and China loses in Court CainTV o Former U.S. Army Reserve, Micah Johnson gunned down the officers in an ambush last Thursday after expressing anger over recent police killings of black people. o Johnson then was killed by an explosive-laden robot sent in by police. o Johnson, who ...

 
robots  

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r0B0t: Why football, not chess, is the true final frontier for robotic artificial intelligence - The Conversation UK  

The Conversation UK

Why football, not chess, is the true final frontier for robotic artificial intelligence The Conversation UK The RoboCup tournament reached its 20th year in Leipzig this year. Its goal has always been to improve and challenge the capacity of artificial intelligence and robotics, not in the abstract but in the much more challenging form of physical robots that ...

 
robots  

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r0B0t: Mr. Robot Season 2 Review - NDTV  

NDTV	Mr. Robot Season 2 Review NDTV If there's another aspect that continues into Mr. Robot's second year, it is the portrayal of the 99.9 percent vs the uber-rich 0.1, drawn from the anger resulting in the fallout of the 2008-09 global financial crisis. ... After all, the show is at its ... and more »

 
robots  

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r0B0t: Cattle-herding robots and tractors that pick their own broccoli are heading for the fields - Daily Mail  

Daily Mail

Cattle-herding robots and tractors that pick their own broccoli are heading for the fields Daily Mail Humans have been farming for thousands of years since the first crops were planted and animals began being domesticated during the Mesolithic era. But technology could soon be squeezing us out of our traditional roles as farmers, as robots take to the ... This Cattle-Herding Robot Will Put Dogs Out of JobsGizmodo Cattle-herding 'SwagBot' makes its debut on Australian farmsTelegraph.co.uk SwagBot: The cattle-herding robot that's making waves in AustraliaNewstalk 106-108 fm Mashable -New Scientist all 6 news articles »

 
robots  

%feed  
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r0B0t: Artificial Intelligence in Pregnancy Labor & Delivery: Robot Nurse Could One Day Help Moms Give Birth and Assist ... - Parent Herald  

Parent Herald

Artificial Intelligence in Pregnancy Labor & Delivery: Robot Nurse Could One Day Help Moms Give Birth and Assist ... Parent Herald This implies the vital part artificial intelligence can bring to hospital service in the future. Shah notes that for further studies, they are expanding their research to labor units in other hospitals, per CNN Money. Watch the video of the Nao robot ... MIT reveals robot resource nurse trained to learn between good and bad decisionsDaily Mail MIT robot helps nurses schedule tasks on labor floorRobohub MIT robot helps deliver babiesfox2now.com Motherboard -BabyCenter (blog) -International Business Times UK all 22 news articles »

 
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r0B0t: Military Robot ics Makers See A Future For Armed Police Robot s  
As military-grade robot ics get cheaper and more capable, someone will arm them and put them on American streets.  
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