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astronomy

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Enormous Volcanoes Detected on Pluto that Spew Ice, Not Lava --"Nothing Like This Has Been Seen in the Deep Outer Solar System”

This past January NASA released an up-close image (shown below) of what may be one of the strangest features on Pluto: a massive volcano that spewed ice instead of lava. “This feature is enormous,” NASA said on its website. “If it is in fact a volcano, as suspected, it would be the largest such feature discovered in the outer solar system.”

“It's a huge finding that small planets can be active on a massive scale, billions of years after their creation,” said New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern, of the Southwest Research Institute (SWRI).

“The New Horizons mission has taken what we thought we knew about Pluto and turned it upside down,” said Jim Green, director of planetary science at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It's why we explore to satisfy our innate curiosity and answer deeper questions about how we got here and what lies beyond the next horizon.”

“It's hard to imagine how rapidly our view of Pluto and its moons are evolving as new data stream in each week. As the discoveries pour in from those data, Pluto is becoming a star of the solar system,” said mission Principal Investigator Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado. “Moreover, I'd wager that for most planetary scientists, any one or two of our latest major findings on one world would be considered astounding. To have them all is simply incredible.”

In one such discovery, New Horizons geologists have combined images of Pluto's surface to make 3-D maps that indicate that two of Pluto's most distinctive mountains could be cryovolcanoes—ice volcanoes that may have been active in the recent geological past.

The two cryovolcano candidates are large features measuring tens of miles (tens of kilometers) across and several miles or kilometers high. “These are big mountains with a large hole in their summit, and on Earth that generally means one thing—a volcano,” said Oliver White, New Horizons postdoctoral researcher with NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. While their appearance is similar to volcanoes on Earth that spew molten rock, ice volcanoes on Pluto are expected to emit a somewhat melted slurry of substances such as water ice, nitrogen, ammonia, or methane on Pluto.

White stresses that the team's interpretation of these features as volcanoes is tentative. However, “If they are volcanic, then the summit depression would likely have formed via collapse as material is erupted from underneath. The strange hummocky texture of the mountain flanks may represent volcanic flows of some sort that have traveled down from the summit region and onto the plains beyond, but why they are hummocky, and what they are made of, we don't yet know.”

If Pluto is proven to have volcanoes, it will provide an important new clue to its geologic and atmospheric evolution. “After all, nothing like this has been seen in the deep outer solar system,” said Jeffrey Moore, New Horizons Geology, Geophysics and Imaging team leader, also from NASA Ames.

Another of the more surprising findings from New Horizons is the wide range of surface ages found on Pluto, from ancient to intermediate to relatively young in geological terms.

Crater counts used to determine surface unit ages indicate that Pluto has ancient surface areas dating to just after the formation of the planets, about 4 billion years ago. In addition, there's a vast area that was geologically born “yesterday,” meaning it may have formed within the past 10 million years. This area informally named Sputnik Planum appears on the left side of Pluto's “heart” and is completely impact-free in all images returned to date.

Scientists wondered if Sputnik Planum's smooth, icy plains were an oddity; did a recent geological episode form the plains long after all other geologic activity ceased?

Locations of more than 1,000 craters mapped on Pluto by NASA's New Horizons mission indicate a wide range of surface ages, which likely means that Pluto has been geologically active throughout its history.

Apparently not. New data from crater counts reveal the presence of intermediate or “middle-aged” terrains on Pluto as well. This suggests that Sputnik Planum is not an anomaly—that Pluto has been geologically active throughout much of its more than 4-billion-year history. “We've mapped more than a thousand craters, which vary greatly in size and appearance,” said postdoctoral researcher Kelsi Singer, of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado. “Among other things, I expect cratering studies like these to give us important new insights into how this part of the solar system formed.”

Crater counts are giving the New Horizons team insight into the structure of the Kuiper Belt itself. The dearth of smaller craters across Pluto and its large moon Charon indicate that the Kuiper Belt likely had fewer smaller objects than some models had predicted. This leads New Horizons scientists to doubt a longstanding model that all Kuiper Belt objects formed by accumulating much smaller objects of less than a mile wide. The absence of small craters on Pluto and Charon support other models theorizing that Kuiper Belt objects tens of miles across may have formed directly, at their current—or close to current—size.

In fact, the evidence that many Kuiper Belt objects could have been “born large” has scientists excited that New Horizons' next potential target the 30-mile-wide (40-50 kilometer wide) KBO named 2014 MU69 which may offer the first detailed look at just such a pristine, ancient building block of the solar system.

Most inner moons in the solar system keep one face pointed toward their central planet; this animation shows that certainly isn't the case with the small moons of Pluto, which behave like spinning tops. Pluto is shown at center with, in order, from smaller to wider orbit: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra.

The New Horizons mission is also shedding new light on Pluto's fascinating system of moons and their unusual properties. For example, nearly every other moon in the solar system, including Earth's moon, is in synchronous rotation, but not so of Pluto's small moons. These small satellites are spinning much faster, with Hydra the most distant moon - rotating an unprecedented 89 times during a single lap around Pluto. Scientists believe these spin rates could be chaotic (i.e., variable) because Charon exerts a strong torque that prevents each small moon from settling down into synchronous rotation, which means keeping one face toward the planet.

Another oddity of Pluto's moons: scientists expected the satellites to wobble, but not to this degree. “Pluto's moons are behaving like spinning tops,” said co-investigator Mark Showalter of the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.

Images of Pluto's four smallest satellites also indicate that several of them could have been born from mergers of two or more former moons, suggesting the presence of more moons at some point. “We suspect from this that Pluto had more moons in the past, in the aftermath of the big impact that also created Charon,” said Showalter.

New Horizons data indicates that at least two (and possibly all four) of Pluto's small moons may be the result of mergers between still smaller moons. If this discovery is borne out with further analysis, it could provide important new clues to the formation of the Pluto system.

The New Horizons team is presenting new data at DPS that reveal Pluto's upper atmosphere is significantly colder and therefore more compact than Earth-based models had indicated. As a result, scientists have discovered that Pluto's atmospheric escape rate is thousands of times lower than had been thought. It now appears that Pluto's atmosphere escapes by the same mechanism as do gases from the atmospheres of Earth and Mars rather than the previously believed escape process that more resembled escape from cometary atmospheres.

New Horizons is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, designed, built, and operates the New Horizons spacecraft and manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Southwest Research Institute leads the science mission, payload operations, and encounter science planning.

Scientists using New Horizons images of Pluto's surface to make 3-D topographic maps have discovered that two of Pluto's mountains, informally named Wright Mons and Piccard Mons, could possibly be ice volcanoes. The color is shown to depict changes in elevation, with blue indicating lower terrain and brown showing higher elevation; green terrains are at intermediate heights.

Today's Most Popular

The Daily Galaxy via nasa.gov/newhorizons and pluto.jhuapl

Image credits: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute

Image credit: top of page: with thanks to abdulazez-dukhan

1st Ever Color Image of Pluto -The "Unexplored Planet"

NASA's First Encounter With the 'Last Planet' --"A New Class of Worlds"

Vast Water Ocean Detected On Pluto --"Absolutely Incredible" (Monday's Most Popular)

"The Unexplored Planet" --NASA Spacecraft Begins 1st stage of Epic Pluto Probe

Dark Moon of Dwarf Planet Makemake --"Proves Still Wild Things to be Discovered"

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Comet 67P from 13km distance

europeanspaceagency posted a photo:

Rosetta's OSIRIS camera shot this close up of comet 67P from 13km distance on 10 August. Only so many more of these before mission end (30 September).

Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA

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Braconid wasp (Micro

Braconid wasp (Microplitis sp.) collected at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Ontario, Canada, and photographed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (sample ID: BIOUG22465-F02; specimen record: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=RRMFE1717-15; BIN: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACV5700)

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Ground beetle (Cychr

Ground beetle (Cychrus tuberculatus) collected in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada, and photographed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (sample ID: BIOUG22155-B05; specimen record: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SSPRB1265-15; BIN: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AAI9511)

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technology

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Reddit is down so expect a population boom in about 9 months [Update: It's back]

Alert the media, Reddit is down. While it's been a while since we've seen the last significant outage, the site has currently been down for about an hour now. I'm sure there are more than a few people at work panicking right now and wondering how to fill their time without their popular at-work distraction. According to @redditstatus, the site appears to be down after the site “had a slight issue with a routine software upgrade.” It seems they're working out the kinks — while Redditors are working out theirs — and the site should be back soon. Update: It's…

This story continues at The Next Web
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WikiLeaks tweet shows Assange will lie to further his cause

Proving he's not above a cheap headline, Julian Assange today detailed how quickly a personal vendetta can detract from good journalism. The dark side of journalism is on full display in this WikiLeaks tweet: Hillary Clinton strategist Bob Beckel called for WikiLeaks editor Julian Assange to be assassinated. #DNCLeak pic.twitter.com/9L2ixl24Er — WikiLeaks (@wikileaks) August 10, 2016 In a segment with Fox News, Beckel went completely off the rails and delivered the following thoughts in front of a national audience: The way to deal with this is pretty simple. We've got Special Ops forces. I mean, a dead guy can't leak stuff. This…

This story continues at The Next Web
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I'd rather set my money on fire than buy this gold-plated iPhone 7

There's been long-running speculation that men driving obnoxious cars are overcompensating for shortcomings elsewhere. If true, carrying a gold-plated iPhone from Goldgenie is the tech equivalent. Goldgenie, a luxury gift and customization company, is offering the iPhone 7 (once released) in 24-karat gold, platinum, rose gold or encrusted with “certificate quality” diamonds. According to Goldgenie founder Laban Roomes: We are very excited about the iPhone 7 and have had literally thousands of enquiries asking when our luxury customised range will be launched. Having customised the first iPhone when Apple launched their device in 2007, I predict this will be the best selling…

This story continues at The Next Web
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science

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Voodoo Medicine: Time to Stop
The world's most celebrated athlete standing on the podium in Rio in honor of receiving yet another gold medal has something important in common with your lazy uncle throwing back a cold one in his Barcalounger. Yes, swimming powerhouse Michael Phelps, purple-spotted from cupping therapy, and your slovenly relative with a beer gut both share a bond - a weakness in succumbing to the allure of voodoo medicine. Modern-day snake oil salesmen hawking quick cures and TV doctors peddling the latest diet miracle with blatantly ridiculous claims are everywhere on the tube, social media, the supermarket and old-fashioned billboards. Anecdotes and celebrity testimonials have in many cases replaced evidence-based medicine in our popular culture. Diet, nutrition and medical claims are thrown together in an olio of nonsense of false promise and false hope.

Problems with Western Medicine

Let's pause here a moment. Before ripping further into the obvious drawbacks of voodoo medicine, that is, any medical claims absent substantiating data, let's first emphasize that of course evidence-based medicine (often called western medicine) has its own set of serious problems and significant limitations. Clinical studies can be and have been tainted by pharmaceutical company sponsors or by doctors with financial interests in the outcome; negative data can be buried or manipulated; drugs shown to be safe in small trials can turn out to have significant or even deadly side effects in a broader population; treatment can lead to addiction; and interactions among different drugs can be hazardous. Biology is complex, and our understanding of disease incomplete, meaning that treatments are often hit or miss or luck of the draw rather than based on first principles. Perhaps the biggest flaw with modern western medicine, though, is that we have created a false expectation that our ills can be cured with a pill when it fact the cure more often lies in making difficult lifestyle changes. Smoking, lack of exercise and overeating come to mind. But these flaws in modern medicine are, in theory, amenable to improvement because the foundation is evidence-based. With scrutiny and reproducibility comes an accountability that will eventually expose weaknesses to be addressed. Or at least that possibility exists, which is not the case for claims that are made with no attempt at rigorous evaluation - like cupping.

The Allure of False Hope

Cupping can be traced to ancient Chinese practices used ostensibly to treat a variety of ailments including arthritis and muscle soreness. There is no credible clinical evidence that cupping is anything more than a placebo - or one big hickey -- with no medical benefit at all. And consider this question - did you see any of the Chinese athletes doing cupping therapy? Think about it. Perhaps if this ancient Chinese treatment really worked over millennia we might see Chinese athletes partaking of its benefits?

Like their cousin cupping, faddish cryotherapy and chelation also offer an alternative to actual medicine. Chelation, which has a legitimate application in treating acute heavy metal poisoning, is sold instead as a cure or treatment for arthritis, hormone imbalances, and heart disease, which unscrupulous practitioners attribute to "heavy metal toxicity" or some other false claim about why chelation is beneficial. No scientific evidence supports this. All of these claims are unproven. The same applies to cryotherapy (or more faddishly whole body cryotherapy, or WBC), touted as a way to slow aging, improve sleep, enhance athletic performance and reduce various pains. There is not a shred of credible scientific support for these assertions. This list goes on and on: Ayurvedic medicine, aromatherapy, homeopathy, shamanism, naturopathy, Hopi Indian ear candling, Sekkotsu, Christian faith healing, stem cell therapy, probiotics, treatment for systemic "inflammation"...

These therapies and treatments all share the same fatal flaw; none has undergone rigorous clinical studies to determine safety and efficacy. In the absence of such trials, it cannot possibly be known if the drug or treatment is effective, if there will be serious side effects, if it will actually make the condition worse, or it will interfere with drugs or treatments that would otherwise help. Wishful thinking is not a viable treatment plan. In the absence of rigorous evaluation, you simply cannot know if your favorite treatment or supplement works no matter how many convincing testimonials you hear or how many anecdotes you may read. You or Grandma or Aunt Tilly or your best friend are just making it up based on lore and hearsay, no different than randomly going into a supermarket, picking out a package of peas and claiming that eating half a bag a day (but only if eaten at noon) will cure arthritis. The claim is convincing if the familiar face of a celebrity testifies that eating a bag of peas each day at noon will cure your ills or if an actor dressed as a doctor, removing a pair of glasses to simulate intimacy, solemnly attests to the benefits of pea eating. But testimonials and anecdotes do not make the claim any more valid. You might think chelating works because someone you trust told you so - but you are doing nothing different than picking out that bag of peas.

Intersection of Voodoo Diet and Medicine

Claims surrounding nutrition are equally noxious. Of all the voodoo treatments mentioned, my personal favorites are those meant to address the curse of "inflammation" because these claims are the perfect confluence between voodoo medicine and diet. Here is a typical claim:

"Inflammation controls our lives. Have you or a loved one dealt with pain, obesity, ADD/ADHD, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, migraines, thyroid issues, dental issues, or cancer? If you answered yes to any of these disorders you are dealing with inflammation."

Well, no, inflammation does not control our lives. Like many others, this author claims inflammation is responsible for a huge range of maladies, ranging from Alzheimer's to lupus to stroke to fibromyalgia; I counted 30 on this site. This is nothing but cringe-worthy. Yes, inflammation is terribly important, and is associated with disease. But the oversimplification and weak link to biology that we find on sites like these are misdirection from understanding what is actually happening in our bodies. Such misunderstanding leads to odd nutritional or medical recommendations that are useless at best or dangerous at worst.

We are awash in a sea of these crazy and exaggerated claims about inflammation that have taken root in popular culture, as even a quick Google search reveals:

"Chronic inflammation is the root cause of many serious diseases." No it is not; it is an important step, but one of many, in the progression of diseases generally caused by bad habits.

"Inflammation is the cause of nearly all disease." Wrong at every level; there are many diseases not associated with inflammation, and it is not typically the cause of disease. Rather inflammation is a pathway to pathology shared across many diseases.

"Ginger and turmeric have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties." I love ginger and turmeric, but there is scant epidemiology to support the claim. It is just wishful thinking and the kind of bogus claim that distracts us from reality.

"Excess sugar intake will contribute to inflammation. It's not just the obvious sugar but also the hidden sugars." There is no such thing as hidden sugars; and sugar itself has nothing to do with inflammation, other than adding calories, which in excess we know can cause inflammation.

"Phytochemicals - natural chemicals found in plant foods... are also believed to help reduce inflammation." There is no evidence for this statement. Of course, eating plant rather than animal products would reduce saturated fat intake, which in excess can cause inflammation. Cyanide is a natural chemical found in plants so the endorsement here is not ringing.

"Inflammation has also been linked to unbalanced levels of certain hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. That's why chronic inflammation often inflicts menopausal women, causing conditions like osteoporosis, weight gain, and adult acne." This claim is not substantiated by any serious clinical research. None.

"Foods that combat inflammation include tomatoes, green leafy vegetables and nuts like almonds and walnuts." Well, no, that is not true at all. These foods simply do not promote inflammation, which is not the same as combatting it. Avoiding rotten food is not the same thing as treating food poisoning.

"Monica has done exhaustive research on the nutritional components of 1,600 common foods, and rated them according to scientifically validated factors related to inflammation." Well, scientists would be surprised by this since there are no "scientifically validated factors related to inflammation." Just foods with or without saturated fats, which we know in excess can lead to inflammation. This does not require "exhaustive research."

Voodoo Nutrition and the Curse of Supplements

Atkins, Dean Ornish, the Zone, South Beach, Glycemic Index... this list of fad diets too is nearly endless. Grocery stores sell magazines shouting out blatantly false claims that promise to help readers "lose weight like a teenager," "lose belly fat," "lose 11 lbs a week," and "fill up on fat-burning super foods." We are sold hormone supplements, told the benefits of "anti-inflammatory foods" and promised results if we only would take acetyl coenzyme A. These promises cannot be kept because they defy the simplest laws of biology and physics.

Dr. Oz has on his website a section entitled, "The Top 10 Fat-Burning Foods." This is what the FDA and nutritionists say about fat-burning foods: there is no such thing. Dr. Oz is conning you, feeding you pure nonsense, selling miracle cures no better than snake oil vendors of old. FDA says, "Consumers should know that there is no such thing as a fat-burning pill." Just to be clear, the FDA adds further about fat-burning foods that, "No substance has ever been shown to actually do this." It is a big lie, a scam.

People daily pop, drink and chow down on nutritional supplements with great abandon - without the slightest evidence that any of them have any potential benefit. But things are worse than that; not only do you not know if the supplement you take has any health benefit at all, you actually don't know if you are taking the supplement you intend. You may well be taking something detrimental to health or something potentially healthy but in unsafe doses. This from an expose in the New York Times:

Among the attorney general's findings was a popular store brand of ginseng pills at Walgreens, promoted for "physical endurance and vitality," that contained only powdered garlic and rice. At Walmart, the authorities found that its ginkgo biloba, a Chinese plant promoted as a memory enhancer, contained little more than powdered radish, houseplants and wheat -- despite a claim on the label that the product was wheat- and gluten-free. Three out of six herbal products at Target -- ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort and valerian root, a sleep aid -- tested negative for the herbs on their labels. But they did contain powdered rice, beans, peas and wild carrots. And at GNC, the agency said, it found pills with unlisted ingredients used as fillers, like powdered legumes, the class of plants that includes peanuts and soybeans, a hazard for people with allergies.

The Times is not alone in their summary findings, as we see from an article from Consumer Health Choices:

Supplement manufacturers routinely, and legally, sell their products without first having to demonstrate that they are safe and effective. Unlabeled ingredients found in many supplements are: bitter orange, chaparral, colloidal silver, coltsfoot, comfrey, country mallow, germanium, greater celandine, kava, lobelia, and yohimbe. The FDA has warned about at least eight of them, some as long ago as 1993. Of the more than 54,000 dietary supplement products in the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, more than 40,000 have no level of safety and effectiveness supported by scientific evidence.

Next time you have an urge to take fish oil, ginger and ginkgo biloba, just pop some peas into your mouth; there is no evidence one is more healthful than the other.

There is no room here to debunk the ocean of nonsense we encounter daily; this small sample of crazy is not even the tip of the tip of the iceberg. The voodoo surrounding probiotics and hormone supplements for example is each in itself a blog, or book. But understand that unless you restrict your intake of drugs and supplements to those proven to be effective and safe through rigorous scientific evaluation, you are just randomly putting stuff in your mouth. You should stop doing that. And Michael Phelps should stop cupping; it is embarrassing.

-- This feed and its contents are the property of The Huffington Post, and use is subject to our terms. It may be used for personal consumption, but may not be distributed on a website.

science

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astronomy

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Much ado about nothing: Astronomers use empty space to study the universe
An international team of astronomers reports that they were able to achieve four times better precision in measurements of how the universe's visible matter is clustered together by studying the empty spaces in between.
astronomy

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Hubble uncovers a galaxy pair coming in from the wilderness
Two tiny dwarf galaxies have been observed that have wandered from a vast cosmic wilderness into a nearby 'big city' packed with galaxies. After being quiescent for billions of years, they are ready to party by starting a firestorm of star birth.
astronomy

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culture

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US re-release poster for BOILING POINT (Takeshi Kitano, Japan,...

US re-release poster for BOILING POINT (Takeshi Kitano, Japan, 1990)

Artist: Ben Marra [see also]

Poster source: IndieWire

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Crushed car on Hirshhorn Plaza

“Still Life with Spirit and Xitle”

Visitorsand driverson the National Mall have been surprised recently to encounter the Hirshhorn's jaw-dropping (rock-dropping) newest acquisition, a 1992 Dodge Spirit crushed under the weight of a 9-ton volcanic boulder with googly eyes. Installed Saturday, Aug. 6 in front of the museum's main entrance on Independence Avenue, the sculpture is titled “Still Life with Spirit and Xitle” and features a car being crushed by a volcanic boulder with a comical smiley face painted on it. This slapstick disaster scene is one of the most well-known works of art by artist Jimmie Durham, a sculptor who is known for his sense of humor and irreverence.

Due to its weight, museum staff used massive cranes, geo-location tools and precise engineering to carefully install the car first, and then the boulder.

Xitle (shy-tuhl) means, “spirit,” which is the name of both the Dodge model of the car and the volcano from which the rock was quarried. Deceptively simple, “Still Life with Spirit and Xitle” is intended to capture the clash between industrial and ancient spirits. Nearly 2,000 years ago, the Mexican volcano Xitle, or “spirit,” erupted and destroyed the ancient city of Cuicuilo. To create the seemingly impulsive sculpture, Durham quarried a 9-ton boulder of red basalt from the archaeological site and used a crane to drop it onto the roof of a 1992 Chrysler Spirit. As a finishing touch, he graffitied the stone with a smug, cartoon-like face. Despite its comedy, the work carries a complex gravity, capturing the moment at which the spirits of ancient and modern collide. It will be on view through Summer 2017.

The post Crushed car on Hirshhorn Plaza appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

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Extinct-in-the-Wild Antelope Return to the Grasslands of Chad

Thirty years after the scimitar-horned oyrx were driven to extinction, the desert antelope will return to the last-known place it existed: Chad's Sahelian grasslands. The reintroduction—the culmination of decades of work—is being led by the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi (EAD), the government of Chad and their implementing partner, the Sahara Conservation Fund. The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) and Zoological Society of London are leading post-release satelite-tracking efforts that will result in the collection of one of the most comprehensive datasets for any wildlife species returned to its native habitat.

“This is an epic homecoming for this majestic species and a significant step forward for wildlife conservation,” said Steve Monfort, the John and Adrienne Mars director of SCBI. “Every conservationist aspires to ensure that wildlife thrive in their natural environment. This project was designed to ultimately give scimitar-horned oryx that chance, while also helping restore this grasslands ecosystem and to inspire and inform similar reintroduction efforts for other species.”

For the first time in 30 years, scimitar-horned oryx are home in Chad, where they acclimated to the desert climate in a large yard before being released back into the wild. (All photos by John Newby, Sahara Conservation Fund)

In July, SCBI postdoc Jared Stabach traveled to Chad where he helped fit 21 of 23 scimitar-horned oryx with GPS collars (two individuals were too young for collars but will return to the wild with the herd). Twice a day, Stabach and team will receive the position of every animal collared. Based on these coordinates, field staff will monitor the population. Overall the data will tell scientists where the oryx go seasonally, how far they travel, whether they stay together or disperse into different social groups, and even if a poacher has taken an animal.

“This dataset is gold to any conservation researcher,” Stabach said. “We know so little about this species in the wild and the data we're collecting will tell us where these animals are—and what's going on with them—in near real-time over a number of years. We're essentially opening up a window that will help us understand how and why individuals move across the landscape and allow us to monitor each individual in a way that was never before possible.”

Before fitting the animals with GPS collars, the team had to make sure that all of the collars were functioning properly and transmitting data. (Photo by John Newby, Sahara Conservation Fund)

The GPS collars are programmed to turn on and off at specific times, enabling scientists to monitor animal movements and compare them with landmarks in the environment—from shade trees to water sources to specific kinds of vegetation they like to eat. The collars also report the temperature and the animal's activity. An accelerometer in the collar can pinpoint an animal's movement in three directions; as an animal moves its head left to right or up and down, the accelerometer captures this information. SCBI scientists will use this data to assess behaviors, including the amount of time an animal spends eating or avoiding predators. The collars are equipped with a drop-off mechanism that allows scientists to remove the collars without recapturing the animal. This also ensures the animal will not wear the collar for its entire life span.

A scimitar-horned oryx is fitted with a GPS collar. SCBI scientists will receive the position of every animal collared twice a day, allowing field staff to monitor the population based on the coordinates.

The project aims to build a self-sustaining population by releasing 500 wild oryx over the next five years. The released animals come from EAD's “world herd” of oryx, including animals raised in human care from the United States, Europe and United Arab Emirates. A few of the females set for release may also be pregnant, Stabach said.

“If a few calves are born soon after the release, they may imprint on the release site and return periodically,” Stabach said, adding that the team on the ground will provide water at the site during especially dry periods, which may also help to imprint the herd to the location. “It would be a momentous occasion—the first oryx born on native soil in decades.”

SCBI postdoc Jared Stabach helps prepare GPS collars to fit on 21 oryx.

Climate change and human encroachment are among the primary threats to the antelope, which were also hunted to extinction and killed during times of civil unrest in Chad and neighboring regions. They were once widely distributed across the Sahel, from Senegal to Sudan. By releasing the oryx into their native habitat during the rainy season when better resources are available, giving them time to acclimate to the new climate in a large fenced area and hiring rangers to patrol the reserve—project partners are hopeful the animals will now have a better chance at survival.

The post Extinct-in-the-Wild Antelope Return to the Grasslands of Chad appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.

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juxtaposed

Rebecca Ang posted a photo:

London, UK
July 2016

This image shows both historical and modern architecture in London. In the foreground you see part of the Tower of London and Traitor's Gate. In the background you see The Gherkin and The Sky Garden.

Copyright Rebecca Ang 2016. All Rights Reserved.
Do not copy, reproduce, download or use in any way without permission.

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http://mashable.com/2016/08/08/dead-worm-tesco-cucumber-funeral
Awesome!

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A Stop-Motion History of the Word 'Tomato'

Tomatoes were discovered by conquistadors in Aztec lands and, once brought back to Europe, referred to as an "apple of gold." This clever stop-motion animation by Caitlin Craggs explores the etymology of the tomato—it's part of a larger series of films that will touch on the origins of ubiquitous foods. Craggs is a student of experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts; more of her work and projects can be found on her website.

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London sunset

Justin S Reid posted a photo:

via 500px ift.tt/1Wt9CRh

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How A Single-Celled Organism Almost Destroyed All Life On Earth
Cyanobacteria, a very simple organism, caused the first mass extinct ion in Earth's history. It was an accident.
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Thomas Bewick Scientist of the Day Thomas Bewick, an English...

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Thomas Bewick Scientist of the Day

Thomas Bewick, an English artist, naturalist, and print maker, was born Aug. 12, 1753.

QTH? Lower-frequency 'scope seeks ET

The Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence Institute is launching a pilot experiment that will hunt for signs of alien civilisation using the Murchison Widefield Array, a low frequency radio telescope.…

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He's Brilliant, She's Lovely: Teaching Computers To Be Less Sexist

Algorithms teach computers how to process language. But because they draw on human writing, they have some biases. Researchers are trying to weed out those problematic associations.

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9cc8176f03e6a7857cbd2bce799b5802

gevorgyanzara posted a photo:

England, London, Westminster, London Eye and Big Ben at dusk

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London Sunset

cat_collector posted a photo:

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