Drought is a way of life on Banaba—a way of life Taboree Biremon knows all too well.
“My wife and I didn't eat. We fed the children,” explained Biremon, describing life during a drought that hit Banaba a few years back. “There was no food. We fed the children first, but we were starving. We laughed a lot to show them that there was no trouble—but there was big trouble.”
Biremon, a resident of Tabwewa Village, has lived through multiple droughts in the 25 years he's spent on Banaba. These droughts happen every three to four years and often last for months on end. During this time, most of the island's vegetation dies out, including the staple food crops of cassava, pumpkin, and papaya.
“My wife and I didn't eat. We fed the children.”Taboree Biremon, who has survived several droughts on Banaba Island
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Banaba has frequent droughts because it is a high island with no natural streams or underground reservoirs of fresh water, according to Judith Schalansky's Atlas of Remote Islands. Others have noted that strong La Nina years can induce severe droughts and prevent the normal pattern of rainfall.
The consequences are devastating. For families who practice a primarily subsistence-based lifestyle, malnourishment is a regular occurrence. But the resilient islanders have managed to survive by living like their ancestors did for centuries before regular contact with foreign cargo ships.
The Banabans say that the droughts are difficult to survive today, especially after decades of strip mining by the British Phosphate Commission. The mining not only removed most of the island's fertile, phosphate-rich soil, but also destroyed hundreds of the more drought-resistant coconut and pandanus trees, significantly reducing the island's food supply. Replanting on the destroyed land, Banabans say, is nearly impossible.
The mining process also contaminated many of the island's freshwater caves, which the islanders once relied upon for drinking water during extended periods of drought. (You can read more about the mining, and the islanders' displacement, here).
Many of the roughly 200 current residents have been living here since 1979, when the the British Phosphate Commision left the island. And while life today is extremely difficult on Banaba, the residents say they are determined to survive in order to protect their ancestral homeland from further mining.
“If we ever saw a coconut floating in the ocean, we had to swim for it…just to get it for food for our children.”Taboree Biremon
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“It was a drought when I came over to Banaba in ‘91, and it lasted for about two years. There was no cassava and no fruit. We ate just fish and octopus. We boiled the papaya tree because inside there was water,” Biremon said.
“If we ever saw a coconut floating in the ocean, we had to swim for it—even though we had no energy—just to get it for food for our children,” Biremon continued. “But my feeling was that if my ancestors did this, and survived here, I could do it—that is what helped me survive.”
Adding to the already difficult situation is a lack of reliable communication, which often prevents emergency provisions of rice, flour, and medical supplies from reaching the island in times of need. Only one nurse works seven days a week in the island's medical clinic, and boats to and from the island are infrequent and unpredictable—they usually come only once every few months.
So during droughts, families eat fish almost exclusively, for every meal, every day, for months on end. Some eat the eyes of the fish for water and nutrients. And even though the village is starving, they must gather enough energy to go out and fish every day.
Otimeaua Rabawa, another resident of Tabwewa Village, described a typical diet during the most recent drought.
“We had no food, just fish. We had boiled fish, grilled fish, and raw fish. We had fish to replace our ‘rice' and our ‘fruit.'”
Still, the Banabans are proud to live on their ancestral homeland. Hard work, a sense of humor, and honor and respect for their ancestors get families through, they say.
“I will die on Banaba,” Rabawa said. “I am proud to be living here on Banaba because I'm living like a real Banaban, like our ancestors.”
Janice Cantieri is a journalist and researcher from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who has been documenting the stories of displacement and adaptation between the Pacific Island nations of Kiribati and Fiji. She has followed the stories of the Banaban Islanders, residents of a phosphate island in Kiribati, who were displaced to Rabi Island in Fiji by the British Phosphate Commission in 1945 and have been separated from their ancestral homeland for the past seventy years. She has also chronicled the stories of i-Kiribati on the Tarawa Atoll, who are currently facing the possibility of migration and displacement to Fiji and elsewhere in the Pacific as the sea level continues to rise and inundate the low-lying islands, which are only 2-3 meters above sea level. Using a combination of written stories, images, and video, her posts have told the stories of the Kiribati people, their culture and heritage, while also documenting the adaptations, challenges, and innovations they have developed in response.
Gaming is generally a solitary activity, and interactions with other players tend to take place through the online world. So how can a virtual game be transformed to a real-life stage show, intended for a mass audience?
Set design and architectural practice Stufish is used to creating stage shows, such as for tours by Madonna, Queen and Lady Gaga, and the musical Jesus Christ Superstar.
But the consultancy's latest venture has been quite different they were tasked with transforming cult Japanese fantasy video game Dragon Quest into a narrative-driven spectacle, to mark the 30th anniversary of the Nintendo-owned game. The show is currently touring theatres across Japan and will see up to 400,000 visitors in total.
While gamers are able to influence consequences within a game, watching a large-scale theatre show, pop concert or musical is generally a spectator-sport, where audience members peer into a box rather than interact with the characters.
Stufish, however, has tried its best to make Dragon Quest Live Spectacular a participatory show. Audience members are able to influence on-stage action through individual wristbands which enable them to vote for plot twists and character actions and weapon choices in advance.
The set itself also incorporates dramatic use of projections, screens and 3D mapping, plus multiple stages scattered around the audience space, which aim to involve the audience “in the magical world of the video game”, says Stufish chief executive officer Ray Winkler.
The graphics and the costumes had to also be true to the computer game, says Winkler. “When you're in a 360° arena environment, there's so much visual smog,” he says. “Things like trussing, and cables from the rigging can obscure what's happening in the show, and it's obvious you're in the real world we tried to recreate the landscape you see when playing the game on a laptop, in the digital world.”
To do this, Stufish created moving, island stages across the entire arena floor space, including where the audience were seated, which allowed on-stage characters to walk through the crowd.
This included eight satellite stages, two larger stages at either end of the arena, and a large performance stage at the centre which acted as the focal point for the performance and the action.
Having so many stages made the show difficult to direct, says Winkler. “When at the theatre, you generally look at one stage and the story unravels in front of you. Here, there was never one single vantage point with which to tell the story from.”
But the island stages were important to fully immerse the audience. The Stufish designers first thought of the formation when moving sugar sachets and milk pots around over breakfast, says Winkler. “We never veered away from that,” he says. “That formulated our first sketches, which went on to be the set.”
The use of arial bridges and stages allowed for movement, and helped to reinforce the 360° performance space. “It was an ever-changing landscape,” says Winkler.
Projections coupled with clever use of materials such as gauze curtains and lighting also helped to create a more pixelated, digital look to the characters on-stage. The consultancy created a “conceptual bridge” out of two layers of projections, forming a corridor in the middle.
Performers were then harnessed and flown through this corridor of light, which created the illusion that they were digitally rendered and part of a projection seen on a hanging see-through curtain. Coupling these special effects with dramatic, bold costuming and graphic images, helped to immerse the audience within the imagined world, says Winkler.
“There was a lot of emotion in the audience,” says Winkler. “Because of the environment, there was extreme audience participation to the point where people were crying and screaming. Of course, these are people who are heavily involved in the fantasy gaming genre anyway.”
While the show is certainly aimed at superfans, creating a large-scale spectacle creates a sense of commercialism and perhaps wider accessibility to an otherwise niche hobby but to truly understand the narrative, and not just appreciate the special effects, it definitely helps to have played the game.
“The show is very cacophonous,” says Winkler. “Everyone responds to the spectacle but to understand what it's about, you have to be in the know with Dragon Quest.”
But how do you create a narrative for an open-ended game, the fate of which is ultimately decided by its players? Live show director Kahori Kanaya worked closely with stage writer and the game's creator Yuji Horii to create a “fixed narrative trajectory”, says Winkler, which “stayed true to the characters” in the game.
“There were quests, battles, low moments and high moments just like there is the game,” he says. “The characters had the same superpowers and faced the same villains that they do in the game too. It's about bringing something alive in 3D, which already exists well in 2D.”
Designing for the stage means that a player's individual preferences are removed but in its place, the use of ariel techniques, projections and lighting tricks helps to maintain that feeling of a virtual world, even when sat surrounded by other members of an audience. Ultimately though, for this to work, the audience themselves have to be invested in the first place.
“If someone comes to a show like this, they're suspending disbelief,” says Winkler. “They believe that what they see in front of them is the Dragon's Quest. There's a lot of good will in there none of what we propose would actually work without that.”
Dragon Quest Live Spectacular premiered at Tokyo's Saitama Super Arena in July, and is currently touring across Japan until the end of August.
The post Dragon Quest Live Spectacular: turning a Nintendo game into a live stage show appeared first on Design Week.
Edinburgh steps back in time to prehistoric Scotland, Guantánamo shapes interior design, and Rem Koolhaas gets profiled by his son all in your weekly art dispatch
Fire! Fire!
An epochal event that marks the birth of modern Britain as Christopher Wren rebuilt the capital in its wake is explored in this family-friendly survey of the Great Fire of London. Find out how the Monument to the fire's outbreak doubles up as a telescope, among other gems in the ashes of history.
• Museum of London, London, until April 2017.
The Barbican will showcase the work of designers including Lindsey Lang in its new shop, set to open in autumn.
The new 330m2 retail space will include areas dedicated to collections covering homeware, stationery, clothing and jewellery, and a changing pop-up space devoted to showcasing emerging talent.
Lang and the likes of Kate Farley and Alfred & Wilde have been commissioned to interpret elements of the architecture and interior design of the Barbican's buildings in their designs.
The Barbican says: “The result is a collection of impeccably designed objects that subtly convey the gravitas of the building.”
Lang has created a series of geometric homeware, inspired by the Brutalist architecture of the Barbican's residential estate the Lauderdale Tower, focusing in particular on its textured, concrete walls.
Alfred & Wilde's Elements collection spans textiles, prints and homeware, and uses simple graphic illustrations and motifs to depict the modernist architecture of the Barbican Centre. The design studio has also collaborated with jeweller Wolf & Moon on a jewellery collection.
Illustrators Daniel Clarke and Kate Farley have created homeware and stationery ranges which also use graphics to interpret the architectural forms of the Barbican estate, while illustrator James Brown has created prints which visualises the language of music.
Charlotte Trounce has created a colourful kids' collection of stationery and games which incorporates characters and illustrations seen around the Barbican building, while photographer Anton Rodriguez and design writer Katie Treggiden have produced a book exploring the work of Barbican residents and the history of the site.
The new Barbican shop has been designed by architectural practice Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM), which has worked with the organisation on various projects over the last 15 years.
AHMM director Peter Morris says that the main aim of the shop was “flexibility and neutrality”, as it includes modular units which can be moved as the Barbican Centre's programme changes.
“In the context of the arts centre, [we wanted] to think of this more as a museum or gallery than a shop,” he says.
All the items will be available to buy at the new shop or via the Barbican's online shop from October, and range from £4 £55.
The new Barbican shop will open in October. At the time of publishing, The Barbican could not reveal an exact date.
All photos © Oliver Douglas, styled by Anna Sheridan.
The post The Barbican's new shop will showcase designer collections appeared first on Design Week.
There's more information on genetic mutations and in the scientific literature than cancer doctors can process easily. Smart, fast computers might be able to help.
Hyde Park Picture House wins £2.4m grant while William Morris's country home in Oxfordshire is one of 11 other recipients
A tiny cinema that opened in Leeds within months of the outbreak of the first world war, now believed to be the only one in the world still lit by gas, has won a £2.4m heritage lottery grant to restore historic features and open up its archives.
The Hyde Park Picture House is among a dozen sites receiving major grants, including William Morris's beautiful Oxfordshire country home, Kelmscott Manor, where the flowers and wildlife inspired many of his designs.
Continue reading...Fast-food chain Subway revealed a rebrand this week, which sees a simpler, non-italicised logotype.
The brand is following the trend of flat, minimal rebrands, better suited to digital applications.
The border has also been removed from the typeface, and the colour palette reduced to only yellow and green, with a more orange-toned yellow shade and a lighter green used. The brand has retained its well-known arrows attached to the “S” and the “Y”.
Alongside the refreshed typeface is a new icon, which is an “S” comprised of the brand's green and yellow arrows.
Subway is rolling out the new design globally in early 2017, and will not reveal the designers behind the project until then but has said that the project was led by the company's in-house creative team alongside “a variety of design partners”.
Fake replicas of much-loved design classics will now be banned, under a change to copyright law that started rolling out this month.
This will affect copycats of designers including Charles and Ray Eames, Arne Jacobsen, Marcel Breuer and Phillipe Starck.
The change to the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 means that revolutionary designs will now be protected for 70 years after a designer dies, rather than 25.
To benefit from this law change, designs need to qualify as “works of artistic craftsmanship”, a term coined by the Intellectual Property Office to determine whether something can be classed as “work of art” or not.
In case your work doesn't qualify as artistic or crafty enough, designers should still register their designs to protect their work, explains Dids Macdonald, founder at organisation Anti-Copying in Design (ACID).
You can read more about the copyright law change here.
London's Victoria and Albert Museum announced this week that it will be completely overhauling its main shop.
Studio Friend and Company has been appointed to complete the £1 million project, as part of the V&A's development programme FuturePlan.
Friend and Company is being paid £96,250 for the work and won the pitch out of six competing consultancies. The studio will be looking to create a retail space that works “in close dialogue with the galleries, exhibitions and events surrounding it”, according to the museum.
The opening date has yet to be announced.
Studio Bompas & Parr is known for its wacky, theatrical installations, from alcohol vapour bars to food museums. Next month's project is an interpretation of children's author Roald Dahl's book The Twits, a magical and terrifying theatrical dining experience.
This week, we spoke to the set designer Sam Wyer about translating the book to experiential theatre, and how he hopes to engross his audience.
Dinner at the Twits runs at The Vaults in London Waterloo, from 4 September 30 October.
To read our full interview, head here.
Product design consultancy Frog has launched two new MRI scanner systems this week, which look to make scanning easier for babies and other scans less claustrophobic.
The WristView system is a hand and wrist MRI scanner, which allows only the arm to be encased rather than the whole body, providing a “non-claustrophobic” alternative to conventional scanners, says Frog.
The Embrace Neonatal System is a newborn baby scanner, which can prep and scan in under an hour, and is designed to be used within neonatal hospitals so that babies can be cared for throughout the scan.
Frog has worked with life-science company Aspect Imaging on the two new innovations. The consultancy has not yet confirmed when the products will be going to market.
The post 5 important things that happened in design this week appeared first on Design Week.
Childline has worked with Amaze on a range of digital products, which can offer children and young people tailored services including therapeutic tools and different ways of communicating with counselors.
The children's charity, which specialises in 24-hour confidential counseling, is celebrating its 30th year this year.
On the new site the needs of children aged 9-19 are catered for in different ways so that they can find the right kind of help they need.
Childline has 750,000 registered users and more than half of those currently contact the organisation via its website.
Amaze and its content partner Episerver won a tender for the project and first realised that the 1500 volunteer counsellors needed a simpler interface to navigate.
A new backend system was also developed, which Amaze says will help with security and guaranteeing the anonymity of service users.
Amaze chief executive officer Natalie Gross says that the service will “safeguard users” and provide them with “essential therapeutic support.”
Children accessing the service will now be able to use self-help and peer-to-peer features as well as counsellor-led therapies across different devices.
New custom built tools include chat features for single or multiple users, ways to indicate and express emotions, as well as other therapeutic tools such as the Drawing Tool, which encourages users to express their feelings visually, rather than through words.
“The new website will provide a forum for children to talk together, access articles, use therapy tools or talk to a volunteer counsellor in a safe haven, where anonymity and security is of absolute importance,” says Gross.
The post Childline website redesigned to offer therapy tools and counselling appeared first on Design Week.
Globe-trotting documentary by Rem Koolhaas's son Tomas finds the film-maker racing to keep up with his 71-year-old father and struggling to achieve objectivity
One minute Rem Koolhaas is striding across sand dunes in Qatar, the next he's contemplating cows in a field in the Netherlands. In between, he's surveying the horizon of Beijing from a rooftop helipad, wandering the frozen streets of New York and escaping mobs of fans in Venice, before jumping in the sea to catch a moment of blissful solitude. “In a very compressed period, I am typically confronted with a literally unbelievable multitude of different contexts,” says the Dutch architect, as the camera follows him in quick succession from car to plane to boat.
You can say that again. As this new hour-long documentary jumps between the numerous locations where this globe-trotting 71-year-old is busy conjuring buildings from the ground, it sometimes feels like a feature-length commercial for a frequent flyer club.
Related: Rem Koolhaas's G-Star Raw HQ is like 'two brands having unprotected sex'
Koolhaas sounds less the radical provocateur and more like architecture's Amélie
Related: Tomes, sweet tomes: how Rem Koolhaas re-engineered the architecture book
Continue reading...Music has rebranded five-a-side football brand Powerleague, which is repositioning around improved customer experience and digital services as well as the creation of “football destinations”.
Powerleague has football pitches and facilities across the UK and Europe where organised amateur football leagues and tournaments take place.
In 2015 Music was brought in to bring the brand in line with the repositioned business and improve the way customers engage with the brand's digital services.
A research phase identified core principles including the spirit of learning to play, local allegiance and pride, the growth of women's football and uniting people through “a sense of shared passion and community”.
Customer insight data revealed that 90% of players live within ten miles of the area they play in. In response to this Music looked to reinforce the idea of connection and local pride by designing a crest for each Powerleague club imbued with a sense of place.
There have been 50 Powerleague crests created, each designed so that it avoids colours or symbolism associated with known teams.
Powerleague “Clubhouses” will be redesigned to reflect the new branding the first being Barnet before a further roll out takes place.
Music creative director David Simpson says: “This is what football is really about getting people together, creating a tribe and instilling local pride.
“Wherever you live and whoever you follow, the passion and energy behind football can be distilled into a powerful icon the club crest. It gives belonging and meaning. We look forward to seeing the adoption of the crests on kits throughout the UK and we can't wait to see the interior designs in place.”
A new site designed by Music with its digital partner Anything, will enable customers to access more services and localise their membership.
The post Music helps Powerleague create series of “football destinations” appeared first on Design Week.
Edinburgh steps back in time to prehistoric Scotland, Guantánamo shapes interior design, and Rem Koolhaas gets profiled by his son all in your weekly art dispatch
Fire! Fire!
An epochal event that marks the birth of modern Britain as Christopher Wren rebuilt the capital in its wake is explored in this family-friendly survey of the Great Fire of London. Find out how the Monument to the fire's outbreak doubles up as a telescope, among other gems in the ashes of history.
• Museum of London, London, until April 2017.
Edinburgh steps back in time to prehistoric Scotland, Guantánamo shapes interior design, and Rem Koolhaas gets profiled by his son all in your weekly art dispatch
Fire! Fire!
An epochal event that marks the birth of modern Britain as Christopher Wren rebuilt the capital in its wake is explored in this family-friendly survey of the Great Fire of London. Find out how the Monument to the fire's outbreak doubles up as a telescope, among other gems in the ashes of history.
• Museum of London, London, until April 2017.
the piece depicts a reclined man lying on the side of a huge hill, his arms crossed behind his head, eyes closed as the sun hits his face, and a pipe casually resting in his mouth.
The post saype draws 10,000 square meter man in the mountains of leysin, switzerland appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.
Camille Henrot.
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portraits of competitors adorn the roof gardens of the seven-storey, marble-clad school building on ipanema beach.
The post charis tsevis tiles mosaic murals at the rio olympics USA house appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.
placed on architectural beams, staircases, and window frames, a stacked sequence of white cubes grows out from the lillebælt academy building.
The post BORGMAN | LENK adds architectural pixelation to a school campus in denmark appeared first on designboom | architecture & design magazine.
Latourette Park, Staten Island
NASA Goddard Photo and Video posted a photo:
This galaxy, known as NGC 2337, resides 25 million light-years away in the constellation of Lynx. NGC 2337 is an irregular galaxy, meaning that it — along with a quarter of all galaxies in the Universe — lacks a distinct, regular appearance. The galaxy was discovered in 1877 by the French astronomer Édouard Stephan who, in the same year, discovered the galactic group Stephan's Quintet (heic0910i).
Although irregular galaxies may never win a beauty prize when competing with their more symmetrical spiral and elliptical peers, astronomers consider them to be very important. Some irregular galaxies may have once fallen into one of the regular classes of the Hubble sequence, but were warped and deformed by a passing cosmic companion. As such, irregular galaxies provide astronomers with a valuable opportunity to learn more about galactic evolution and interaction.
Despite the disruption, gravitational interactions between galaxies can kickstart star formation activity within the affected galaxies, which may explain the pockets of blue light scattered throughout NGC 2337. These patches and knots of blue signal the presence of young, newly formed, hot stars.
Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA
Text credit: European Space Agency
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NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA's mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA's accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency's mission.
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“We have no idea why our solar system doesn't look like these others, and we would love an answer,” said planetary scientist Kevin Walsh, of the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado. Since the time of Copernicus, scientists have slowly moved Earth out of its originally-conceived setting as the center of the Universe. Today, scientists recognize that the Sun is an average star—not too hot, not too cold, not too bright, not too dim—situated at a random spot in a typical spiral galaxy. So, when Kepler began its planet-hunting mission in 2009, scientists anticipated finding planetary systems that resembled our solar system.
Instead, Kepler mostly discovered planet types that our solar system lacks. With bodies like “hot Jupiters” (Jupiter-sized planets that orbit their star in only a few days) to “super-Earths” (massive rocky planets far larger than our own), exoplanet systems have a knack for surprising observers. Of the 1,019 confirmed planets and 4,178 planetary candidates identified to date, only one system resembles our own with terrestrial planets near the star and giant planets set at a distance.
In an effort to establish how the Sun and its planets compare to the newfound systems identified by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, a pair of astronomers suggest that our early solar system may have contained as many as four planets orbiting closer to the Sun than Venus, and that a series of cataclysmic collisions left Mercury as the last one standing.
“One of the problems in our Solar System is that, by Kepler standards, Mercury is very far from the Sun,” planetary scientist Kathryn Volk, of the University of British Columbia, told Astrobiology.
Volk and her colleague Brett Gladman, also of the University of British Columbia, propose that Systems of Tightly-packed Inner Planets (STIPs) surrounded most stars at the beginning of their lifetimes. Over time, collisions destroyed many of these planets, leaving them around only about 5 to 10 percent of the stars observed today.
But although only a handful of observed systems contain STIPS, Volk thinks that they may have once dominated — and that the Sun could have been one of the STIP systems whose original inner planets were destroyed.
“If STIPs readily formed, maybe they're found around all stars, and destroyed around 90 percent of them,” Volk said.
Kevin Walsh, quoted at the top of the post was not involved in the research, but applauds Volk's work in matching the Solar System up to other planetary systems by using models to search for unseen planets it may have held in the past.
“Partly, we have never thought about it before. We always tried to match the planets that we saw, and not some other systems of unseen planets. Now we see them around other stars, so it's a great question to ask.”
Volk and Gladman realized that the small number of STIPs could provide a clue as to why our solar system seems so different. The two took 13 observed Kepler systems that contain more than four close inner planets and ran them through simulations over a 10-million-year timescale. In 10 of the targets, the small planets suffered violent collisions that changed the structure of the planetary system. According to the scientists, the remainder were likely stable for more than 10 million years.
The team then ran another set of simulations over a longer period of time to explore how systems evolve as they become more unstable, and to determine how the collisions are distributed over time. They found that half the systems resulted in a second collision, but showed no sign of impending disaster beforehand. Systems with collisions remained stable for almost their entire lifetime before planets began crashing into one another.
Based on their simulations, after 5 million years, approximately 5 to 10 percent of the STIPs sample would not yet have reached instability. Because STIPs are only seen around approximately 5 to 10 percent of the planetary systems observed by Kepler, this means that all could have been born with STIPs, but 90 percent of the STIP systems were destroyed by the time Kepler observed them.
“If every star once had a system of STIPs, then it would mean that the modelers have been missing the boat on planetary formation for a long time,” Walsh said. “We have always been trying to build models just to get our four rocky planets, whereas if this idea is right, then we have long ignored the possibility of also forming three to five planets as big as or even much bigger than Earth inside the orbit of Mercury. This would be extremely cool!”
If this was the case, it would mean that Earth wasn't a random outlier in the systems of planets, as it appear to be from casual observations. Instead, it would fit in and not require a special explanation as to its existence. If the Solar System—and by extrapolation Earth—is rare, it could have implications for the abundance of life in the Universe, but if it follows the same formation processes as other planetary systems, then it is no longer an quite as unusual.
Mercury has long been a problem for planetary scientists. In addition to being farther from the Sun than most of the planets observed by Kepler, Mercury is dense in heavier elements and short on lighter ones. One hypothesis regarding its strange composition involves a collision that stripped the planet of its lighter crust, leaving behind a dense, iron-heavy outer layer.
At the same time, Solar System models have turned up too much material to account for a single Mercury. In order to form a single planet in Mercury's orbit, simulations require an unlikely gap—an artificial edge—in the dust surrounding the young Sun that stretches nearly halfway to Earth's current orbit. If the gap stretched all the way to the star, as most scientists assume, the disk would contain far too much material.
If most planetary systems contained STIPS when they formed, that would mean the early Solar System could have once hosted them, as well. According to Volk, this would eliminate the artificial edge to the inner disk and explain the iron-dominated planet. Collisions would also account for Mercury's dense composition.
To verify this possibility, Volk and Gladman ran simulations that added four planets the mass of the Moon and with orbits of less than half the Earth-Sun distance. These planets did not affect the formation of Venus, Earth and Mars on 500 million-year timescales, despite the collisions undergone by their rocky neighbors, a story that matches the Kepler simulations they first ran.
“It is not rare to have a pair of planets go unstable and others not feel anything,” Volk said.
As the small inner planets collided with one another, they suffered one of two fates. In some cases, the mass of the crashing planets may have blown off, but then consolidated into a smaller number of bodies. In the other, more destructive scenario, less than 10 percent of the initial mass survives, with the rest of it blown into small pieces that spiral into the star or into other planets. The difference often depends on how fast the planets are moving when they crash into one another; like a car wreck, faster speeds tend to result in greater devastation.
While other observed Kepler STIP systems appear to have consolidated three or more larger bodies into one or two short-period planets observed today, our solar system seems to have reached the destructive end state.
“In a highly destructive regime, we're left with one survivor,” Volk said
NASA's Kepler mission scientists discovered a planetary system shown at the top of the page that is home to the smallest planet yet found around a star similar to our sun. The planets are located in a system called Kepler-37, about 210 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lyra. The smallest planet, Kepler-37b, is slightly larger than our moon, measuring about one-third the size of Earth. It is smaller than Mercury, which made its detection a challenge.
The moon-size planet and its two companion planets were found by scientists with NASA's Kepler mission to find Earth-sized planets in or near the "habitable zone." However, while the star in Kepler-37 may be similar to our sun, the system appears quite unlike the solar system in which we live.
Astronomers think Kepler-37b does not have an atmosphere and cannot support life as we know it. The tiny planet almost certainly is rocky in composition. Kepler-37c, the closer neighboring planet, is slightly smaller than Venus, measuring almost three-quarters the size of Earth. Kepler-37d, the farther planet, is twice the size of Earth.
The first exoplanets found to orbit a normal star were giants. As technologies have advanced, smaller and smaller planets have been found, and Kepler has shown even Earth-size exoplanets are common.
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The Daily Galaxy via http://www.astrobio.net
ESA plans to build on the legacy of British Mars lander Beagle 2 by placing the Schiaparelli module on the Red Planet in October
A new image shows the desert plane on Mars where ESA will land the Schiaparelli module on 19 October this year. This will be the first European landing attempt on the red planet since 2003's ill-fated Beagle 2.
Known as Meridiani Planum, this area of Mars is relatively flat which makes it as safe as possible for the landing attempt. Nasa's Opportunity rover landed here in 2004.
Related: Is there life on Mars? ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter takes up the search
Continue reading...
Lie on the beach this summer and your body will be bombarded by about sextillion photons of light per second. Most of these photons, or small packets of energy, originate from the Sun but a very small fraction have travelled across the Universe for billions of years before ending their existence when they collide with your skin. In a new study to be published in the Astrophysical Journal on August 12th, astronomers have accurately measured the light hitting the Earth from outside our galaxy over a very broad wavelength range.
But radiation from outside the galaxy constitutes only ten trillionths of your suntan, so there is no immediate need for alarm.
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) astrophysicist Simon Driver, who led the study, said we are constantly bombarded by about 10 billion photons per second from intergalactic space when we're outside, day and night.
"Most of the photons of light hitting us originate from the Sun, whether directly, scattered by the sky, or reflected off dust in the Solar System," he said.
"However, we're also bathed in radiation from beyond our galaxy, called the extra-galactic background light. These photons are minted in the cores of stars in distant galaxies, and from matter as it spirals into supermassive black holes."
Driver, who is based at the University of Western Australia, measured this ambient radiation from the Universe, from a wide range of wavelengths by combining deep images from a flotilla of space telescopes.
He and collaborators from Arizona State University and Cardiff University collated observations from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer telescopes, the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes, the European Space Agency's Herschel space observatory and Australia's Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey to make the most accurate measurements ever of the extra-galactic background light.
While 10 billion photons a second might sound like a lot, Professor Driver said we would have to bask in it for trillions of years before it caused any long-lasting damage.
Rogier Windhorst, from Arizona State University, said the Universe also comes with its own inbuilt protection as about half the energy coming from the ultraviolet light of galaxies is converted into a less damaging wavelength by dust grains. "The galaxies themselves provide us with a natural suntan lotion with an SPF of about two," he said.
The study is part of ICRAR's ongoing work to understand the evolution of energy, mass and structure in the Universe. The research program examines how we went from the smooth distribution of atoms in the early Universe to the emergence of the Periodic Table and the multitude of stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters we see today. "The processes which shape and shuffle mass generate vast quantities of energy, dwarfed only by the vastness of space," Driver said. "The precise physics as to how this energy is released is still not fully understood and work continues to build numerical models capable of explaining the energy that we've now measured."
The Daily Galaxy via International Center for Radio Astronomy Research
Image credit: Anthony Gromley
Plenty of meteors are available for star gazers this weekend. If you were lucky enough to spot the Perseids, share your photos with us
The annual meteor display, so-called because it appears to radiate from the constellation Perseus in the north-eastern sky, is with us once again.
Thursday night / Friday morning was a particularly good night for stargazers hoping to see a shooting star, and conditions over the weekend look good for would-be spotters in the northern hemisphere.
Related: Perseid meteor shower in pictures
Continue reading...Is time a figment of the human mind or the most fundamental of phenomena? And what do the physical laws of nature reveal about its mysteries?
In the first century AD, Augustine of Hippo exposed the difficulties in trying to address the nature of time: “What then is time?” he asked. “If no one asks me, I know what it is. If I wish to explain it to him who asks, I do not know.”
Two thousand years later, Nicola Davis is joined by theoretical physicists Professor Lee Smolin and Dr Julian Barbour in an attempt to unpick the nature of time. Along the way, we hear how the very concept of time itself is ever-changing from Newton to Einstein to Feynman. And from Queen Mary University's Professor Bill Spence explains how the best way to unravel the mystery of time may, counterintuitively, be by removing it altogether.
Venus may have had a shallow liquid-water ocean and habitable surface temperatures for up to 2 billion years of its early history, according to computer modeling of the planet's ancient climate by scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. Venus today is a hellish world. It has a crushing carbon dioxide atmosphere 90 times as thick as Earth's. There is almost no water vapor. Temperatures reach 864 degrees Fahrenheit (462 degrees Celsius) at its surface. Scientists long have theorized that Venus formed out of ingredients similar to Earth's, but followed a different evolutionary path.
Measurements by NASA's Pioneer mission to Venus in the 1980s first suggested Venus originally may have had an ocean. However, Venus is closer to the sun than Earth and receives far more sunlight. As a result, the planet's early ocean evaporated, water-vapor molecules were broken apart by ultraviolet radiation, and hydrogen escaped to space. With no water left on the surface, carbon dioxide built up in the atmosphere, leading to a so-called runaway greenhouse effect that created present conditions.
The findings, published this week in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, were obtained with a model similar to the type used to predict future climate change on Earth.
"Many of the same tools we use to model climate change on Earth can be adapted to study climates on other planets, both past and present," said Michael Way, a researcher at GISS and the paper's lead author. "These results show ancient Venus may have been a very different place than it is today."
Previous studies have shown that how fast a planet spins on its axis affects whether it has a habitable climate. A day on Venus is 117 Earth days. Until recently, it was assumed that a thick atmosphere like that of modern Venus was required for the planet to have today's slow rotation rate. However, newer research has shown that a thin atmosphere like that of modern Earth could have produced the same result. That means an ancient Venus with an Earth-like atmosphere could have had the same rotation rate it has today.
Another factor that impacts a planet's climate is topography. The GISS team postulated ancient Venus had more dry land overall than Earth, especially in the tropics. That limits the amount of water evaporated from the oceans and, as a result, the greenhouse effect by water vapor. This type of surface appears ideal for making a planet habitable; there seems to have been enough water to support abundant life, with sufficient land to reduce the planet's sensitivity to changes from incoming sunlight.
Way and his GISS colleagues simulated conditions of a hypothetical early Venus with an atmosphere similar to Earth's, a day as long as Venus' current day, and a shallow ocean consistent with early data from the Pioneer spacecraft. The researchers added information about Venus' topography from radar measurements taken by NASA's Magellan mission in the 1990s, and filled the lowlands with water, leaving the highlands exposed as Venusian continents. The study also factored in an ancient sun that was up to 30 percent dimmer. Even so, ancient Venus still received about 40 percent more sunlight than Earth does today.
"In the GISS model's simulation, Venus' slow spin exposes its dayside to the sun for almost two months at a time," co-author and fellow GISS scientist Anthony Del Genio said. "This warms the surface and produces rain that creates a thick layer of clouds, which acts like an umbrella to shield the surface from much of the solar heating. The result is mean climate temperatures that are actually a few degrees cooler than Earth's today."
The research was done as part of NASA's Planetary Science Astrobiology program through the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) program, which seeks to accelerate the search for life on planets orbiting other stars, or exoplanets, by combining insights from the fields of astrophysics, planetary science, heliophysics, and Earth science. The findings have direct implications for future NASA missions, such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and James Webb Space Telescope, which will try to detect possible habitable planets and characterize their atmospheres.
The Daily Galaxy via NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
This past January NASA released an up-close image (shown below) of what may be one of the strangest features on Pluto: a massive volcano that spewed ice instead of lava. “This feature is enormous,” NASA said on its website. “If it is in fact a volcano, as suspected, it would be the largest such feature discovered in the outer solar system.”
“It's a huge finding that small planets can be active on a massive scale, billions of years after their creation,” said New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern, of the Southwest Research Institute (SWRI).
“The New Horizons mission has taken what we thought we knew about Pluto and turned it upside down,” said Jim Green, director of planetary science at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It's why we explore to satisfy our innate curiosity and answer deeper questions about how we got here and what lies beyond the next horizon.”
“It's hard to imagine how rapidly our view of Pluto and its moons are evolving as new data stream in each week. As the discoveries pour in from those data, Pluto is becoming a star of the solar system,” said mission Principal Investigator Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado. “Moreover, I'd wager that for most planetary scientists, any one or two of our latest major findings on one world would be considered astounding. To have them all is simply incredible.”
In one such discovery, New Horizons geologists have combined images of Pluto's surface to make 3-D maps that indicate that two of Pluto's most distinctive mountains could be cryovolcanoes—ice volcanoes that may have been active in the recent geological past.
The two cryovolcano candidates are large features measuring tens of miles (tens of kilometers) across and several miles or kilometers high. “These are big mountains with a large hole in their summit, and on Earth that generally means one thing—a volcano,” said Oliver White, New Horizons postdoctoral researcher with NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. While their appearance is similar to volcanoes on Earth that spew molten rock, ice volcanoes on Pluto are expected to emit a somewhat melted slurry of substances such as water ice, nitrogen, ammonia, or methane on Pluto.
White stresses that the team's interpretation of these features as volcanoes is tentative. However, “If they are volcanic, then the summit depression would likely have formed via collapse as material is erupted from underneath. The strange hummocky texture of the mountain flanks may represent volcanic flows of some sort that have traveled down from the summit region and onto the plains beyond, but why they are hummocky, and what they are made of, we don't yet know.”
If Pluto is proven to have volcanoes, it will provide an important new clue to its geologic and atmospheric evolution. “After all, nothing like this has been seen in the deep outer solar system,” said Jeffrey Moore, New Horizons Geology, Geophysics and Imaging team leader, also from NASA Ames.
Another of the more surprising findings from New Horizons is the wide range of surface ages found on Pluto, from ancient to intermediate to relatively young in geological terms.
Crater counts used to determine surface unit ages indicate that Pluto has ancient surface areas dating to just after the formation of the planets, about 4 billion years ago. In addition, there's a vast area that was geologically born “yesterday,” meaning it may have formed within the past 10 million years. This area informally named Sputnik Planum appears on the left side of Pluto's “heart” and is completely impact-free in all images returned to date.
Scientists wondered if Sputnik Planum's smooth, icy plains were an oddity; did a recent geological episode form the plains long after all other geologic activity ceased?
Locations of more than 1,000 craters mapped on Pluto by NASA's New Horizons mission indicate a wide range of surface ages, which likely means that Pluto has been geologically active throughout its history.
Apparently not. New data from crater counts reveal the presence of intermediate or “middle-aged” terrains on Pluto as well. This suggests that Sputnik Planum is not an anomaly—that Pluto has been geologically active throughout much of its more than 4-billion-year history. “We've mapped more than a thousand craters, which vary greatly in size and appearance,” said postdoctoral researcher Kelsi Singer, of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado. “Among other things, I expect cratering studies like these to give us important new insights into how this part of the solar system formed.”
Crater counts are giving the New Horizons team insight into the structure of the Kuiper Belt itself. The dearth of smaller craters across Pluto and its large moon Charon indicate that the Kuiper Belt likely had fewer smaller objects than some models had predicted. This leads New Horizons scientists to doubt a longstanding model that all Kuiper Belt objects formed by accumulating much smaller objects of less than a mile wide. The absence of small craters on Pluto and Charon support other models theorizing that Kuiper Belt objects tens of miles across may have formed directly, at their current—or close to current—size.
In fact, the evidence that many Kuiper Belt objects could have been “born large” has scientists excited that New Horizons' next potential target the 30-mile-wide (40-50 kilometer wide) KBO named 2014 MU69 which may offer the first detailed look at just such a pristine, ancient building block of the solar system.
Most inner moons in the solar system keep one face pointed toward their central planet; this animation shows that certainly isn't the case with the small moons of Pluto, which behave like spinning tops. Pluto is shown at center with, in order, from smaller to wider orbit: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra.
The New Horizons mission is also shedding new light on Pluto's fascinating system of moons and their unusual properties. For example, nearly every other moon in the solar system, including Earth's moon, is in synchronous rotation, but not so of Pluto's small moons. These small satellites are spinning much faster, with Hydra the most distant moon - rotating an unprecedented 89 times during a single lap around Pluto. Scientists believe these spin rates could be chaotic (i.e., variable) because Charon exerts a strong torque that prevents each small moon from settling down into synchronous rotation, which means keeping one face toward the planet.
Another oddity of Pluto's moons: scientists expected the satellites to wobble, but not to this degree. “Pluto's moons are behaving like spinning tops,” said co-investigator Mark Showalter of the SETI Institute in Mountain View, California.
Images of Pluto's four smallest satellites also indicate that several of them could have been born from mergers of two or more former moons, suggesting the presence of more moons at some point. “We suspect from this that Pluto had more moons in the past, in the aftermath of the big impact that also created Charon,” said Showalter.
New Horizons data indicates that at least two (and possibly all four) of Pluto's small moons may be the result of mergers between still smaller moons. If this discovery is borne out with further analysis, it could provide important new clues to the formation of the Pluto system.
The New Horizons team is presenting new data at DPS that reveal Pluto's upper atmosphere is significantly colder and therefore more compact than Earth-based models had indicated. As a result, scientists have discovered that Pluto's atmospheric escape rate is thousands of times lower than had been thought. It now appears that Pluto's atmosphere escapes by the same mechanism as do gases from the atmospheres of Earth and Mars rather than the previously believed escape process that more resembled escape from cometary atmospheres.
New Horizons is part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, designed, built, and operates the New Horizons spacecraft and manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. The Southwest Research Institute leads the science mission, payload operations, and encounter science planning.
Scientists using New Horizons images of Pluto's surface to make 3-D topographic maps have discovered that two of Pluto's mountains, informally named Wright Mons and Piccard Mons, could possibly be ice volcanoes. The color is shown to depict changes in elevation, with blue indicating lower terrain and brown showing higher elevation; green terrains are at intermediate heights.
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The Daily Galaxy via nasa.gov/newhorizons and pluto.jhuapl
Image credits: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute
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Rosetta's OSIRIS camera shot this close up of comet 67P from 13km distance on 10 August. Only so many more of these before mission end (30 September).
Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA
Braconid wasp (Microplitis sp.) collected at rare Charitable Research Reserve, Ontario, Canada, and photographed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (sample ID: BIOUG22465-F02; specimen record: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=RRMFE1717-15; BIN: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACV5700)
Ground beetle (Cychrus tuberculatus) collected in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada, and photographed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (sample ID: BIOUG22155-B05; specimen record: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=SSPRB1265-15; BIN: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AAI9511)
"Inflammation controls our lives. Have you or a loved one dealt with pain, obesity, ADD/ADHD, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, migraines, thyroid issues, dental issues, or cancer? If you answered yes to any of these disorders you are dealing with inflammation."
Among the attorney general's findings was a popular store brand of ginseng pills at Walgreens, promoted for "physical endurance and vitality," that contained only powdered garlic and rice. At Walmart, the authorities found that its ginkgo biloba, a Chinese plant promoted as a memory enhancer, contained little more than powdered radish, houseplants and wheat -- despite a claim on the label that the product was wheat- and gluten-free. Three out of six herbal products at Target -- ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort and valerian root, a sleep aid -- tested negative for the herbs on their labels. But they did contain powdered rice, beans, peas and wild carrots. And at GNC, the agency said, it found pills with unlisted ingredients used as fillers, like powdered legumes, the class of plants that includes peanuts and soybeans, a hazard for people with allergies.
Supplement manufacturers routinely, and legally, sell their products without first having to demonstrate that they are safe and effective. Unlabeled ingredients found in many supplements are: bitter orange, chaparral, colloidal silver, coltsfoot, comfrey, country mallow, germanium, greater celandine, kava, lobelia, and yohimbe. The FDA has warned about at least eight of them, some as long ago as 1993. Of the more than 54,000 dietary supplement products in the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, more than 40,000 have no level of safety and effectiveness supported by scientific evidence.
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“Still Life with Spirit and Xitle”
Visitorsand driverson the National Mall have been surprised recently to encounter the Hirshhorn's jaw-dropping (rock-dropping) newest acquisition, a 1992 Dodge Spirit crushed under the weight of a 9-ton volcanic boulder with googly eyes. Installed Saturday, Aug. 6 in front of the museum's main entrance on Independence Avenue, the sculpture is titled “Still Life with Spirit and Xitle” and features a car being crushed by a volcanic boulder with a comical smiley face painted on it. This slapstick disaster scene is one of the most well-known works of art by artist Jimmie Durham, a sculptor who is known for his sense of humor and irreverence.
Due to its weight, museum staff used massive cranes, geo-location tools and precise engineering to carefully install the car first, and then the boulder.
Xitle (shy-tuhl) means, “spirit,” which is the name of both the Dodge model of the car and the volcano from which the rock was quarried. Deceptively simple, “Still Life with Spirit and Xitle” is intended to capture the clash between industrial and ancient spirits. Nearly 2,000 years ago, the Mexican volcano Xitle, or “spirit,” erupted and destroyed the ancient city of Cuicuilo. To create the seemingly impulsive sculpture, Durham quarried a 9-ton boulder of red basalt from the archaeological site and used a crane to drop it onto the roof of a 1992 Chrysler Spirit. As a finishing touch, he graffitied the stone with a smug, cartoon-like face. Despite its comedy, the work carries a complex gravity, capturing the moment at which the spirits of ancient and modern collide. It will be on view through Summer 2017.
The post Crushed car on Hirshhorn Plaza appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.
This is a short film showing the process of the detail paint work on the conservation of the original U.S.S. Enterprise studio model. The detail paint work was done between the 11 and 23 of April 2016, at the National Air and Space Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Va. (From William George on Vimeo).
The post U.S.S. Enterprise studio model conservation appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.
Thirty years after the scimitar-horned oyrx were driven to extinction, the desert antelope will return to the last-known place it existed: Chad's Sahelian grasslands. The reintroduction—the culmination of decades of work—is being led by the Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi (EAD), the government of Chad and their implementing partner, the Sahara Conservation Fund. The Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) and Zoological Society of London are leading post-release satelite-tracking efforts that will result in the collection of one of the most comprehensive datasets for any wildlife species returned to its native habitat.
“This is an epic homecoming for this majestic species and a significant step forward for wildlife conservation,” said Steve Monfort, the John and Adrienne Mars director of SCBI. “Every conservationist aspires to ensure that wildlife thrive in their natural environment. This project was designed to ultimately give scimitar-horned oryx that chance, while also helping restore this grasslands ecosystem and to inspire and inform similar reintroduction efforts for other species.”
For the first time in 30 years, scimitar-horned oryx are home in Chad, where they acclimated to the desert climate in a large yard before being released back into the wild. (All photos by John Newby, Sahara Conservation Fund)
In July, SCBI postdoc Jared Stabach traveled to Chad where he helped fit 21 of 23 scimitar-horned oryx with GPS collars (two individuals were too young for collars but will return to the wild with the herd). Twice a day, Stabach and team will receive the position of every animal collared. Based on these coordinates, field staff will monitor the population. Overall the data will tell scientists where the oryx go seasonally, how far they travel, whether they stay together or disperse into different social groups, and even if a poacher has taken an animal.
“This dataset is gold to any conservation researcher,” Stabach said. “We know so little about this species in the wild and the data we're collecting will tell us where these animals are—and what's going on with them—in near real-time over a number of years. We're essentially opening up a window that will help us understand how and why individuals move across the landscape and allow us to monitor each individual in a way that was never before possible.”
Before fitting the animals with GPS collars, the team had to make sure that all of the collars were functioning properly and transmitting data. (Photo by John Newby, Sahara Conservation Fund)
The GPS collars are programmed to turn on and off at specific times, enabling scientists to monitor animal movements and compare them with landmarks in the environment—from shade trees to water sources to specific kinds of vegetation they like to eat. The collars also report the temperature and the animal's activity. An accelerometer in the collar can pinpoint an animal's movement in three directions; as an animal moves its head left to right or up and down, the accelerometer captures this information. SCBI scientists will use this data to assess behaviors, including the amount of time an animal spends eating or avoiding predators. The collars are equipped with a drop-off mechanism that allows scientists to remove the collars without recapturing the animal. This also ensures the animal will not wear the collar for its entire life span.
A scimitar-horned oryx is fitted with a GPS collar. SCBI scientists will receive the position of every animal collared twice a day, allowing field staff to monitor the population based on the coordinates.
The project aims to build a self-sustaining population by releasing 500 wild oryx over the next five years. The released animals come from EAD's “world herd” of oryx, including animals raised in human care from the United States, Europe and United Arab Emirates. A few of the females set for release may also be pregnant, Stabach said.
“If a few calves are born soon after the release, they may imprint on the release site and return periodically,” Stabach said, adding that the team on the ground will provide water at the site during especially dry periods, which may also help to imprint the herd to the location. “It would be a momentous occasion—the first oryx born on native soil in decades.”
SCBI postdoc Jared Stabach helps prepare GPS collars to fit on 21 oryx.
Climate change and human encroachment are among the primary threats to the antelope, which were also hunted to extinction and killed during times of civil unrest in Chad and neighboring regions. They were once widely distributed across the Sahel, from Senegal to Sudan. By releasing the oryx into their native habitat during the rainy season when better resources are available, giving them time to acclimate to the new climate in a large fenced area and hiring rangers to patrol the reserve—project partners are hopeful the animals will now have a better chance at survival.
The post Extinct-in-the-Wild Antelope Return to the Grasslands of Chad appeared first on Smithsonian Insider.
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London, UK
July 2016
This image shows both historical and modern architecture in London. In the foreground you see part of the Tower of London and Traitor's Gate. In the background you see The Gherkin and The Sky Garden.
Copyright Rebecca Ang 2016. All Rights Reserved.
Do not copy, reproduce, download or use in any way without permission.
Tomatoes were discovered by conquistadors in Aztec lands and, once brought back to Europe, referred to as an "apple of gold." This clever stop-motion animation by Caitlin Craggs explores the etymology of the tomato—it's part of a larger series of films that will touch on the origins of ubiquitous foods. Craggs is a student of experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts; more of her work and projects can be found on her website.
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Thomas Bewick Scientist of the Day
Thomas Bewick, an English artist, naturalist, and print maker, was born Aug. 12, 1753.
The Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence Institute is launching a pilot experiment that will hunt for signs of alien civilisation using the Murchison Widefield Array, a low frequency radio telescope.…
Algorithms teach computers how to process language. But because they draw on human writing, they have some biases. Researchers are trying to weed out those problematic associations.
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England, London, Westminster, London Eye and Big Ben at dusk
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Munching on some bamboo.
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Today is World Elephant Day, when people with a passion for pachyderms come together to celebrate the wonder of elephants and raise funds to protect them. It seems paradoxical that the largest land animal, which has come to symbolise strength and sagacity, should be so vulnerable but across Africa and Asia numbers are dwindling as human activities and expanding agriculture squeeze elephants into smaller and smaller patches of fragmented habitat.
Related: African elephants 'killed faster than they are being born'
Related: Britain is hastening the extinction of the African elephant | Jonathan Baillie
Continue reading...Something for the Weekend, Sir? I owe everything to a quick one off the wrist.…
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Astronomers led by the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Australia have calculated that ten trillionths of your suntan comes from beyond our local galaxy.…
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To get a detailed look at how different proteins are folded, researchers freeze them in a crystalline structure and bombard them with extremely short bursts of x-rays. By recording how the x-rays bounce off the samples, scientists can reconstruct the different shapes—or conformations—that a protein can take. They then use a variety of techniques to determine how the proteins fold themselves into their final structures. But there are limits to these techniques that have caused most studies to focus on smaller, simpler proteins. The average protein found within a human cell, however, is neither small nor simple. Most are more like an economy-sized box of Christmas lights that have haven't been opened in a decade. In a new study, researchers at Duke University have taken a different approach to studying the conformations of one of these larger proteins. By slowly pulling apart a protein called Protein S, they discovered a previously unknown stable conformation made possible by a little help from its best friend. The results show that biochemists need to start rethinking some of their assumptions.
Image credit: Duke University
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Killer whales in McMurdo Sound near the McMurdo Station, the National Science Foundation's (NSF) main logistics and research hub on Antarctica. NSF runs the U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP). In addition to maintaining three U.S. research stations on the continent, USAP supports research projects in an array of scientific disciplines, including for example, aeronomy and astrophysics, biology and medicine, geology and geophysics, glaciology, and ocean and climate systems. Outreach such as the Antarctic Artists and Writers program and education programs are also supported. For more information about USAP, visit the program's website here.
Image credit: Jeanne Cato, National Science Foundation
NASA has gifted blinded space fanciers another glimpse of Jupiter through its Juno cameras.…
The world's population of elephants is nearing a critical point. Karl Mathiesen explains why there has never been a more dangerous time to be an elephant
The largest of all land beasts, elephants are thundering, trumpeting six-tonne monuments to the wonder of evolution. From the tip of that distinctive trunk with its 100,000 dextrous muscles; to their outsize ears that flap the heat away; to the complex matriarchal societies and the mourning of their dead; to the points of their ivory tusks, designed to defend, but ultimately the cause of their ruin.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates discusses his experience writing the Black Panther comics with fans. Watch parts two and three.
Ta-Nehisi Coates met with fans at Phantom Comics in D.C.'s Dupont Circle to discuss his experience writing the Black Panther comics. You can watch parts one and three.
Ta-Nehisi Coates sits down with Black Panther comics fans at D.C.'s Phantom Comics to answer questions about his experience writing Marvel's revamped series. You can watch parts one and two.
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Eight people with serious spinal injuries who practiced hours of interaction with wearable machines for months regained lost feeling and some ability to move.
The government keeps track of who is alive and who is dead. But there can be errors. And when you're mistakenly ruled dead, it can be remarkably tough to convince people you're still among the living.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics says no data was stolen. Users faced error messages after the system was overpowered by what the government said was multiple denial-of-service attacks.
Waterford_Man posted a photo:
From Greenwich
Thanks for all the views, Please check out my other photos and albums.
Waterford_Man posted a photo:
From Greenwich
Thanks for all the views, Please check out my other photos and albums.
alex.yurko posted a photo:
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alex saberi posted a photo:
Hundreds of photographers have gathered in Rio to follow the action in the Olympic arenas, swimming pools, racetracks, and more. Over the next two weeks I'll be featuring some amazing images from recent Olympic events. Today's entry encompasses cycling, archery, volleyball, weightlifting, diving, sailing, judo, a passing capybara, and much more.
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