A Stanford University researcher finds that products purchased mainly by poor people were increasing in price much more quickly than those purchased by the wealthy.
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Researchers have for the first time, decoded and predicted the brain activity patterns of word meanings within sentences, and successfully predicted what the brain patterns would be for new sentences. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure human brain activation.
Image credit: University of Rochester/Andrew Anderson, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
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This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of soil dust, composed mainly of silicon-oxygen minerals. This particle was collected along a highway in Scottsdale, Arizona, as part of a research study conducted by Arizona State University researchers on the flow of air pollution in the Phoenix metro area. Dust kicked up by road traffic creates a large proportion of the particles, while others are the combustion products of gasoline or diesel fuel, sometimes in combination with dust.
Image credit: Hua Xin, Ph.D., Arizona State University
These oldest known stars, date from before the Milky Way Galaxy formed, when the Universe was just 300 million years old. The stars, found near the center of the Milky Way, are surprisingly pure but contain material from an even earlier star, which died in an enormous explosion called hypernova. The discovery and analysis of the nine pure stars challenges current theories about the environment of the early Universe from which these stars formed.
"These pristine stars are among the oldest surviving stars in the Universe, and certainly the oldest stars we have ever seen," said Louise Howes from The Australian National University (ANU), part of the 2015 discovery team along with the University of Cambridge. "These stars formed before the Milky Way, and the galaxy formed around them."
"The stars have surprisingly low levels of carbon, iron and other heavy elements, which suggests the first stars might not have exploded as normal supernovae," said Ms Howes. "Perhaps they ended their lives as hypernovae - poorly understood explosions of probably rapidly rotating stars producing 10 times as much energy as normal supernovae."
Project leader Professor Martin Asplund, from ANU Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics said finding such rare relic stars amongst the billions of stars in the Milky Way center was like finding a needle in a haystack.
"The ANU SkyMapper telescope has a unique ability to detect the distinct colors of anaemic stars - stars with little iron - which has been vital for this search," said Professor Asplund.
Following the team's discovery in 2014 of an extremely old star on the edge of the Milky Way, the team focused on the dense central parts of the galaxy, where stars formed even earlier. The team sifted through about five million stars observed with SkyMapper to select the most pure and therefore oldest specimens, which were then studied in more detail using the Anglo-Australian Telescope near Coonabarabran in New South Wales and the Magellan telescope in Chile to reveal their chemical make-up.
The team also demonstrated that the stars spend their entire lives near the Milky Way center and are not just passing through, a further indication that the stars really are the oldest known stars in the Universe.
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The Daily Galaxy via Australian National University
Image credit: ESO and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Milky_Way_Arch.jpg
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Several thousand years ago, a star some 160 000 light-years away from us exploded, scattering stellar shrapnel across the sky. The aftermath of this energetic detonation is shown here in this striking image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 .
The exploding star was a white dwarf located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of our nearest neighbouring galaxies. Around 97% of stars within the Milky Way that are between a tenth and eight times the mass of the Sun are expected to end up as white dwarfs. These stars can face a number of different fates, one of which is to explode as supernovae, some of the brightest events ever observed in the Universe. If a white dwarf is part of a binary star system, it can siphon material from a close companion. After gobbling up more than it can handle — and swelling to approximately one and a half times the size of the Sun — the star becomes unstable and ignites as a Type Ia supernova.
This was the case for the supernova remnant pictured here, which is known as DEM L71. It formed when a white dwarf reached the end of its life and ripped itself apart, ejecting a superheated cloud of debris in the process. Slamming into the surrounding interstellar gas, this stellar shrapnel gradually diffused into the separate fiery filaments of material seen scattered across this skyscape.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, Y. Chu
Giant sulphur (Colias gigantea) collected in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, and photographed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics (sample ID: 04HBL003032; specimen record: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=LCH032-04; BIN: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AAA3447)
Recently appointed Culture Secretary, Karen Bradley, has promised to open up the arts to people from all backgrounds, in her first speech since being added to the cabinet when Theresa May became Prime Minister last month.
Speaking in Liverpool, Bradley emphasised that access to arts and culture “must be available to everyone, not the preserve of a privileged few”, citing a survey which found that arts engagement was nearly 82% among the wealthiest adults, but just over 65% from lower socio-economic groups.
“The Government is looking at how we can tear down the barriers to a career in the arts. A new experience that reaches someone who would not otherwise enjoy a rich cultural life changes that person's world,” Bradley said.
“That sort of experience has immeasurable value, but can also have a cumulative impact that can effect change on a local and even national scale. Culture can help regenerate villages, towns and cities.”
The Culture Secretary announced that pilots of the Cultural Citizens Programme, first announced by David Cameron in January, will be launching next month in cities including Liverpool and Blackpool and will help 600 disadvantaged children.
“It is a fantastic initiative which could give thousands of children the chance to take part in a range of cultural activities, such as free visits to local plays, behind the scenes access to museums and galleries, and exclusive trips to world class venues, so they realise that culture is just as much for them as for anyone,” said Bradley.
The Culture Secretary's speech comes after last month's parliamentary debate on the English Baccalaureate a GCSE qualification that excludes art and design which some have claimed devalues creative subjects and makes them inaccessible for young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Bradley said she will be working closely with the new Education Secretary Justine Greening to “make sure that no child is left out of this country's magnificent and extraordinary cultural inheritance.”
It is also uncertain whether in light of the vote to leave the EU during the recent referendum the Government could announce further austerity measures affecting arts and culture in this year's Autumn Statement.
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Christine Losecaat, former creative industries advisor to UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), has been appointed an Honorary Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to the creative industries in the UK.
Losecaat also founded consultancy Little Dipper and is a senior business strategy, marketing and creative specialist.
The Dutch national, who is an honorary fellow of the British Institute of Interior Design, is responsible for a number of high profile creative projects, including co-producing Peter and the Wolf. Last year, she also helped bring to life the UK's Pavilion at the World Expo in Milan.
Losecaat, who worked for UKTI until last year, has advised on the UK's Creative Industries International Strategy for over a decade. It was in this capacity that she was one of the creative drivers behind the London 2012 Olympics' British Business Embassy. The project is estimated to have contributed over £15bn to the UK economy in total.
The announcement of her MBE comes after various prominent British designers including Margaret Calvert and Johanna Basford were recognised in the Queen's Birthday Honours list in June.
“I've been based in the UK for over 20 years. It is a very special place and remains the number one global destination for bringing creative concepts to fruition with global impact,” says Losecaat.
“I am truly delighted to receive such a prestigious honour for doing what I love best bringing together talent with projects that put creative integrity at their core.”
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Every bit as bold, stylish and vibrant as his work, it is my pleasure to introduce you to the multi-talented Samuel Mensah.
What's your background?
I was born in Ghana and raised in London where I work today under the name SMBStudios focusing on brand innovation and visual storytelling. I've got experience in digital marketing, brand identity conception and design, production, visual design and art direction. I like to integrate branding and visual marketing to create overall innovative user experiences. By day I am also a designer at renowned idea agency AKQA on the brand design team.
I am also the founder and creative director of creative organization and studio, Youth Worldwide; a creative platform dedicated to discovering and supporting pioneers in creativity and showcasing emerging young creative talent from around the world.
While traveling in Ghana last summer I had an epiphany to host a youth networking forum with some of Africa's brightest entrepreneurs as part of my responsibility to another organisation of which I am a founding member, Future of Ghana. We lectured at Ghana's first creative university Ashesi, which was founded by Patrick Awuah formerly of Microsoft.
His story of overcoming the odds to build a university over almost a decade inspired me greatly and I realised even though this may not be exactly what I wanted YWW to be, the scale and magnitude of the impact it had on people's lives is something that could not escape me. Upon my return back to the UK I made it a point to team up with more young creatives, begin a small team and begin working on a few cool projects that challenged and fed their skills.
We now work with numerous creatives around the world and have them as part of our network in our aim to share, showcase and express emerging creative talent in all areas on a global stage. The format of YWW has changed and will continue to evolve until we find the most optimum way of making it happen. We want to get to know more people, more leaders that can support and join the movement. Feel free to connect with us.
How did you get started in your field of expertise?
My background lies mainly in the realm of traditional graphic design. That is what I initially fell in love when it comes to design as a whole. I've always seen graphics as the one thing that connects the entire world visually but is heavily taken for granted by most people.
I wanted to design everything and anything when I was younger and my knowledge of design itself was limited but I was determined to dedicate my life to it since I found a purpose with it. I went on to study Design for Advertising at Degree level but really made a name for myself outside the classroom in the digital arts realm.
By taking advantage of online platforms such as DeviantArt, Tumblr, Behance and more I was able to gain popularity quite quickly with my pieces which were always quite vibrant and had a vibe of motivation and inspiration to them. Those are things I take quite seriously in my work. Apart from them looking good I always aim
for my work to actually motivate the audience in some way and bring some semblance of joy in their lives.
This went very well for me and from a young age saw me get featured on quite prestigious platforms and design blogs around the world, which it was hard to take seriously at the time since it never really sunk in. Along with juggling school and interning for Gilbert & George my life 6 years ago was definitely just about design and nothing else.
Nothing much has changed really. The process of making the shift into the working world of advertising and branding with my expertise and skills was quite simple and if you told me I would be designing for Nike almost every day of my life and speaking on an OFFF Festival stage last year about my work, I wouldn't have believed you either but the universe is interesting.
The formation of YWW has also shifted my love of advertising to other creative and design processes such as industrial design, fashion, experiential design and all things tech. I find my understanding of creativity and its applications has evolved and I want to understand more about everything now. From someone who started in digital arts and branding I feel there are no boundaries to how far things can be pushed in regards to how I apply my creativity and the overall impact it can make.
What challenges did you face/overcome in getting into the industry and achieving your ambitions?
The challenges I continue to face are the ones I put before myself. I challenge myself to be the best I can be and place myself in my own lane when doing anything. However I am very aware of the real social challengers that do hold people back in the industry. The creative industries are rife with classism, sexism and other discriminatory ism's which has been slowing down and getting better in recent years but is still very far from eradicated.
I've been brought up with the mentality to work harder than everyone else to give people no reason to say no. Through this approach I have to say I have been able to evade systematic discrimination for the most part in my professional journey, but it begs the question why work so hard just to be seen as equal. I chose to see it as preparing myself to simply be the most equipped and capable.
Coming up in the industry I never studied or was even educated about one great graphic designer that was black, even though there are many out there we are never placed at the forefront. For a long time it confused and angered me. I choose to dispel this status quo forever by being that person of colour that I always wanted to see in certain positions and achieve things that were once thought of as highly improbable.
For many millennials of colour that are entering the industry, simply seeing people in powerful positions in the industry that look like them can inspire them so much and has to be championed more. They can take solace knowing that it is most definitely possible to get to the same level and even exceed that of their predecessors.
Who and/or What are your greatest inspirations and influences?
My greatest inspirations have always come from talking to people. I truly believe that conversation is the most holistic way that we as creatives can create better ideas and become better at our jobs of being visual communicators.
My personal heroes are innovators such as Steve Jobs, Larry Page, Bill Gates, Tim Brown & Elon Musk. They inspire me as being those who were able to wield their creativity in the most impactful way possible and leave a lasting effect on the world for a very long time to come. It bothers me that Steve and Bill are not classed as equally creative, when they both created things from scratch that we all use almost every day of our lives to serve specific imperative functions.
A common misconception is the word “design”, which most people think of as pretty pictures or forms. What is missing however is understanding the depth to which design goes—not only in products, but in essentially every aspect of our lives . Whether it is the design of a program, a shirt or some form of communication tool, we are living in a world that's infinitely designed. Somebody made a design decision about everything we use, and have.
What is your best piece of work or the project you are most proud of?
I always think the project I am most proud of is the one I either just did or the one I am currently executing. I say this because I believe you're only ever as good as your last and you must make that the strongest you've ever done. The project that was most formative for me was the process of creating my first ever typeface. I was 21, just completing 2nd year of my university degree and was bored in the summer, hungry to do something I'd never done before. With my background being typography and typographic studies it meant that every font I used in my designs was in essence created by someone else.
My mind shifted when I realised I could create my own and that in fact I wouldn't be satisfied until I made my own. The process in itself would not only be creatively liberating but also a personal liberation. To own something and furthermore create a resource that could benefit other creatives was inspirational. Once I knew I wanted to take on the task I was determined to make it happen even though I had no idea how to do it. I was luckily able to recollect that I had a friend in New Zealand called Daniel McQueen who was a font specialist and was able to turn my designs into a usable font.
Knowing this, the process of researching began and moving into the mentality of creating something classic. I wanted my first typeface to sit alongside the likes of Helvetica, Avant-Garde & Futura. Those were the ambitions I had for the yet untitled font. I named it Echelon. I remember creating a rollout for it on social media that was able to make its release in early september 2012 all the more impactful. It went on to do very well and be featured in many impressive places and most notably be used last year for Nike's Athlete kit for Basketball giant Kevin Durant.
My subsequent font Atelier Neue, which I released almost exactly a year later went on to do well and is my personal favorite. I saw it as a way of very much cementing myself and not being regarded as a one hit wonder. I feel it proved to many potential critics that I can churn these out. The font has also been used in many notable places; most recently for the BFI's Black Star film campaign.
What would be your dream job or project?
My dream job ideally is not to have to have a job at all. That is the best reason to explain why I formed YWW. It was an escape to what I've always wanted to do, which is simply work on super creative briefs and projects whether it's about making products or crafting films.
My dream project is a collection of many small projects culminating in a cultural shift of creative liberation and acceptance by a generation who can take it further than we ever imagined. It is most definitely a process that will not be achieved in a few years or decades but most definitely in our lifetime.
Please name some people in your field that you believe deserve credit or recognition, and why?
I feel we live in age where because of the internet and social media, everyone is able to have a platform and take advantage of the benefits. They are able to gain recognition and become creatives that are creditable.
Everyone is very visible and it's beautiful because it means collaboration has become easier than ever before. Sharing of ideas, culture, skills and creativity has never been easier.
I do aim to give credit to those that paved the way for me personally and I looked up to coming up. Pioneers like Dieter Rams, Peter Saville, Sagmeister, Milton Glaser & Tibor Kalman just to name a few.
In my field today there are amazing young talents in the YWW network that are doing incredible things. So many emerging creatives, some as young as 15 years old, that I have been exposed to, poses a unique creative approach and understanding. They say tomorrow belongs to those that can hear it coming. This truly is the most fearless generation of all time. We will find out why very soon.
What's your best piece of advice for those wanting to follow in
your footsteps?
Nobody knows what the hell they are doing most of the time. Just do your own thing. I believe everyone has their own specific way of how the universe will unfold itself to them.
What I will say is that life begins when people understand that the key is to give back. When they realise that serving and creating real change and impact in people's lives through their creativity is the most powerful thing they can do.
Forget rules, and let nothing hold you back. That's why I love the next generation. They don't care about paying homage or being constrained to the past, they are more focused in making new, making their own path. That energy is so empowering.
I would also encourage creatives to embrace failure more. I used to be very self-conscious about failing early on in my career. I have now realised how vital it is to understanding the journey of growth that comes with getting to a certain level. Failure will come but you will get over it. If you are not failing you are honestly not innovating enough.
What's next for you?
I continue to be dedicated to my passion of collaborating and showcasing creatives. I will continue to build the YWW network and aim to create impact with the greatest creative talents the world has to offer. Most importantly I aim to have fun.
For more information visit:
https://www.behance.net/smbstudios
https://www.facebook.com/SMBStudios
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THE CARIBBEAN:
ANIMAE CARIBE CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS. Held every year in the caribbean island of Trinidad and Tobago, the Animae Caribe animation festival will run from October 24th to 31st 2016. The largest animation film network with a regional coverage in the Caribbean, it is recognized to be one of the many notable international annual festivals. In addition, Animae Caribe has a regional and international network of storytellers, writers, puppetry artists, visual artists (including graphic designers and photographers), theatre and music performers, sound and lighting technicians and reseachers, which feed into the animation production sector. Submissions for Short animation are open. Deadline 30th August 2016
EUROPE:
FASHION CITIES AFRICA the first major UK exhibition dedicated to contemporary African fashion opened at Brighton Museum & Art Gallery on 30 April 2016. Exploring fashion and style in four cities at the compass points of the African continent Casablanca in Morocco, Lagos in Nigeria, Nairobi in Kenya and Johannesburg in South Africa Fashion Cities Africa considers recent and contemporary fashion practices in these distinctive metropoles, from couture to street style. Until 8 January 2017
Included in Museum admission fee/£3.50 residents, members and children free brightonmuseums.org.uk/fashioncitiesafrica
#FashionCitiesAfrica
AFRICA:
ALBUS EXHIBITION BY JUSTIN DINGWALL. Barnard Gallery is pleased to present Justin Dingwall's solo exhibition Albus in association with Lizamore & Associates. With an arresting vulnerability and striking intimacy, the photographs in Justin Dingwall's ongoing body of work Albus constitute an extended meditation on the nature of beauty and perception. Aiming both to raise awareness about Albinism and to challenge the taboo that exists around it, the series interrogates and offers an alternative to traditional notions of beauty. From 23 August til 11 October 2016.
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